Final Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
How many households own a pet in the US (2024 APPA survey)
A
82 million
2
Q
What hormone plays a key role in the connections between humans and companion animals
A
Oxytocin
3
Q
The selection of juvenile characteristics describes which foundation of the human-animal bond.
A
Neoteny
4
Q
How does mutual gazing between humans and dogs have an impact on bonding
A
Human-dog interactions elicit the same type of oxytocin positive feedback loop as seen between mothers and their infants
5
Q
What evaluations are performed on assistance dogs in training to ensure they are fit for service work
A
eye CERF, hip and elbow xrays, and behavior checklist
6
Q
What two evaluations must be completed by an assistance dog team for them to be certified by assistance dogs international
A
Skills assessment and public access test
7
Q
What is true about the origin of carnivores
A
Miacids, the ancestors of all carnivores, were small tree-dwelling animals with carnassial teeth
8
Q
____ was the first species to be domesticated, and their ancestors are the ____ _____
A
Dogs - grey wolfs
9
Q
Are behavioral traits quicker manipulated or morphological traits?
A
behavioral traits
10
Q
The scientific name for a domesticated cat
A
Felis silvestris catus
11
Q
Did the domestication of dogs begin through natural selection, as less fearful animals approached human settlements in search of food
A
Yes
12
Q
What is the ancestor of the domestic cat
A
African wild cat
13
Q
What is the original pattern of a cat coat
A
mackerel tabby
14
Q
Did dogs or cats go through more morphological changes through domestication
A
Dogs
15
Q
Which of the following were “types” of dogs that were identified as the earliest breeds about 4500 years ago
A
spitzs, mastiff, pointer, sighthound (all of the above)
16
Q
How many dog groups are defined by the AKC
A
7
17
Q
Type of skull of greyhound, bulldog, and golden reteriver?
A
GH: dolichocephalic
BD: brachycephalic
GR: mesocephalic
18
Q
What are the two types of hounds? What distinguishes their approaches to chasing and locating their prey
A
sighthounds (speed and wide vision to chase swift prey) and groundhounds (Rely on their powerful noses to trail anything)
19
Q
Why is BSL not a responsible approach to bite prevention
A
- Difficult to enforce, especially when a dog’s breed can’t be easily determined
- Discriminatory against responsible owners and their dogs
20
Q
What are the herding styles and examples of breeds and livestock they are suited for
A
Heeler: bark, nip, body slam - corgi - cow
Header: control with eyes - border collie - sheep
21
Q
Do dogs and cats have the same number of bones
A
No - cats less
22
Q
What is true of the cat skeltal system
A
shoulder is only attached by muscle not bone and the skeletal system allows them to stretch 3 times their body length
23
Q
What can cause hip dysplasia
A
breed, nutrition, excessive growth, improper weight
24
Q
TPLO surgrey fixes what
A
ruptured cruciate ligament
25
Dog skipping in rear. What condition do they most likely have
patellar luxation
26
Site of gas exchange in circularoty system
capillaries
27
Portal circulation occurs between the capillaries of what two organs
GI and liver
28
The lymphatic system is a subset between which two systems
Circulatory and immune
29
Components of lymphatic system
bone marrrow, thymus, lungs (not tonsils)
30
What is the VHS used for and how is it determined
Help diagnose any change in heart size (enlarged hearts) and is determined by radiographs
31
What nutrients deficeinecy can cause dilated cardiomypathy
taurine
32
What transmits heartworms to dogs and cats
mosquitos
33
Most common skins cancer in dogs starting with immune system
Mast cell tumors
34
cancer of white blood cells. very deadly without treatment
lymphoma
35
cancer of endothelial cells that line blood vessels
Hemangiosarcoma
36
A collasped trachea can be caused by
collar misuse, allergies, nutrition, genetics
37
Normal dog body temp? cat temp
Dog: 102
Cat: 105
38
Lagomorphs include rabbits and are distingished from rodents by what feature?
Dentition (teeth)
39
What type of teeth types make rabbits different from rodents
Incisors - rabbits have more in the top (4 for rabbits and 2 for rodents)
40
What is NDF? min in rabbit diet
Nuetral detergent fiber
Min: 30%
41
What are the primary differences between legume and grass hays
Legume: alfalfa - grass hay: timthoy and is recommended
42
How to calculate medtabolic body weight of a rabbit
MBW= BW (in kilo)^.75
43
What is browse
Stems, leaves, and bark of trees - plum/fruit and pine trees are best/safe - helps teeth, lots of NDF (gut healthy)
44
What are the primary differences between gerbils and hamsters
tail, size, gerbils are nice and hamsters are jerks, gerbils are dinerbal and hamsters are ...
45
Are chinchilla endangered (IUCN)
Critically endangered
46
What is a "fur slip"
to escape a predator it looses fur - chinchillas - a defense mechinism
47
What are secies that exist because of zoos
European bison, pere davids zoon, malayan tiger
48
What is a studbook used for? What two species were the first ftudbooks for zoos
Manage hereditary and genetics of species - european bison and p... horse
49
What wildlife can you own in iowa
Skunk if bred in captivity, wolf hybird, cat hybird (F4 or G4)
50
of animals needed for sustainable population
230
51
of animals to prevent inbreeding
500
52
What do humans with Williams syndrome and dogs have in common? How does this affect a dog's behavior compared to a wolf's?
Humans with Williams syndrome and dogs lack certain genes that produce higher oxytocin levels, making them more friendly and sociable. This is not true for wolves.
53
Explain what the vertebral heart score (VHS) is used for and how it is determined.
It diagnoses any changes in heart size. Dogs/cats lie laterally to get a radiograph of the heart and vertebrae, measure the long and short axis of the heart, and count the number of vertebrae.
54
What stones develop due to a lack of a certain microbe in the gut?
Oxalyte
55
Why are male cats more prone to stone development? How can these stones be
resolved?
The urethra is very narrow; may have to surgically remove it or use an ultrasound to break it apart
56
Name the four types of digestion.
Mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, fermentative
57
Where does nutrient absorption primarily occur in the digestive tract?
Stomach
58
When food reaches the small intestine, what compound is released that is critical for fat digestion?
Bile
59
Which components are part of the endocrine system?
Pancreas, adrenal and pituitary gland
60
Low production of insulin is
Diabetes
61
Too much thyroid hormone is
Hyperthyroidism
62
Too much cortisol is
Cushings
63
Type 1 diabetes (underproduction of insulin) is more common in? Type 2?
1: dogs
2: cats
64
What measures should be considered for bone disorders?
Calcium, Vit D, phosphorus
65
Which of the following cat diseases cannot be vaccinated for? Therefore, prevention is
key.
FIP and FIV
66
Describe the AVMA guideline for vaccination application in cats. Why do they have this guideline?
Injection should be given as distally as possible in the right rear leg, so that
should a tumor form, it can be removed by limb amputation
67
Your friend decided to get a puppy after moving to Wisconsin. She plans to take the puppy swimming in water sources where wildlife frequent. What would your recommendation be for core vaccines? What would you recommend for a lifestyle vaccine?
Core: Rabies and DHPP
Lifestyle: Lepto
68
CPR rate of compressions? Breaths?
100-120 bpm and 2 breathes per 30 compressions
69
Explain how to perform CPR on flat-chested dogs.
Rroll animal onto its back, perform compressions directly over the sternum
70
In order for a female to have mature oocytes available during estrus, what structures must grow and develop on the ovary?
Follicles
71
Dogs are considered _____, even though domestic dogs have evolved to cycling 3 times in 2 years, on average.
Monoestrous
72
The dog (stud) and the tom have unique penile physiologies compared to other
domesticated species.
Dog - Bulbus glandis, engorges and “ties” into the female reproductive tract during
mating
Tom - Barbs on glans penis, assists with stimulation during mating to encourage ovulation
73
The skeletal structure in a male dog’s reproductive system is called the?
Os penis
74
Progesterone is at its highest during what portion of the reproductive cycle in dogs?
diestrus
75
There are no significant hormonal changes to detect pregnancy in dogs. Why is this?
They have high progesterone if pregnant or not
76
12–24 hours before whelping, breeders will be watching for what indicator of puppy arrival
Drop in rectal temp
77
Which portion of the cat’s estrous cycle begins with increasing day length and is very short
Proestrus
78
Dogs are more likely than cats to have superfecundation occur.
True
79
In dogs, short hair is dominant over long hair.
True
80
In cats, the O gene is sex-linked. What phenotype will occur with the following
genotypes?
OO = orange
Oo = orange/black
oo = black
81
There were 2 ways discussed in class that male cats can be calico. Name and
explain one of them.
Chimera – 2 embryos fuse (2 sets of DNA)
82
Breeding a merle (Mm) to a merle (Mm) can produce a double merle (MM). What
will this likely cause in the double merle puppies?
Blindness or deafness
83
What is the genetic term when a merle dog does not appear phenotypically
merle, but is genotypically merle?
Cryptic merle
84
The harlequin gene (H) is associated with what breed and if it is homozygous
dominant (HH) what detrimental effect is seen?
Great Dane, embryonic fatal
85
What 2 primary gene color series are at play? using a lab
B and E
86
Provide lab genotypes
Black lab = B/either and E/either
Chocolate lab = bb and E/either
Yellow lab = any B, homozygous ee
87
How are the goals of feeding companion animals different than that of livestock/production animals?
Normal, not maximal growth, longevity
88
NFE is a calculated estimation of which nutrient?
Carbs
89
List and describe one reason why carbohydrates are included in pet food.
Processing (provides structure)
90
Dogs and cats require which of the following?
Protein
91
List and describe 1 health benefit of dietary fiber for dogs and/or cats.
Improve stool quality (firmness) and intestinal health (short-chain fatty acids),
92
On an as-fed basis, canned dog food will contain more energy than kibble.
False
93
Dogs and cats lose most of their body water through _________.
Urine
94
If you are converting the protein content of a diet from as-fed to dry matter, the value
will __________.
Increase
95
Which of the following is not an essential amino acid for dogs?
Proline
96
Dogs have a higher protein requirement than cats.
False
97
Most saturated fats are from animal sources.
True
98
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid for cats but not for dogs?
Arachidonic acid (AA)
99
Which nutrient provides the most energy?
Fat
100
Explain the difference between “Classical” and “Operant” conditioning.
Classical conditioning is an involuntary association between a natural response and a neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning uses consequences for voluntary behaviors.
101
List and briefly describe 4 reasons why dogs are unique to train, compared with other species, as discussed in the lecture with Dr. Morris.
Evolved with us
More skillful than apes
Make eye contact (gaze following)
Understand social gestures such as pointing or looking at something
102
Who is considered the “Father of the Conditioned Response”
Ivan Pavlov
103
Which of the operant conditioning responses is typically the least effective when used alone?
Negative punishment
104
On leash dog to dog introductions often go badly. List AND explain 2 reasons why this
occurs so frequently?
- Leashes get tangled and put pressure on the dogs limiting their normal behavior toward each other.
-Triggers fight or flight response
105
Explain what a “bridge” is in animal training AND give one common example used frequently
It is a classically conditioned marker that communicates to the animal they did a good behavior that will come with a reward.
106
What is the difference between “cue-nagging” and “cue-corruption” when training animals?
Cue nagging is continually repeating a cue when the animal does not respond. Cue corruption is when a trainer does not use a cue consistently.
107
My puppy is scared of the wind. I take her into the garage while the wind is barely
blowing. I just act “business as usual” in the garage and do not provide any
reinforcement. If she wants to wander outside the garage she can. This is an example of what type of behavior modification?
Habituation
108
Tate is outside and jumping at the door. I do nothing. My response to my dog’s behavior is called what?
Extinction
109
Your family just got a new puppy. Provide an explanation of why they should crate train the puppy.
It provides a safe space for the dog to go to. As well as it practical and can be used for housebreaking
110
Explain the difference between “luring” and “shaping”
Luring is using a reward to position the animal. Animals may present the behavior
quickly but do not learn it. Shaping is when an animal has to think forward and backward cognitively and gets rewarded for successive approximations of behaviors until they reaches the behavior.
