Final Flashcards by ElisabethRose Bush

The minerals found in different soil samples cannot effectively be used to determine whether or not they have the same origin.

True or False

False

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The cortex of hair derives its major forensic importance from the fact that it contains:

DNA

Pigments

Medullae

Scales

Pigments

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After a blood sample is collected for alcohol testing, a(n) ____ is added to stop the blood from clotting.

Fuel cell

Anti-coagulant

Preservative

Monochromator

Anti-coagulant

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What is the logical first step in soil analysis?

Examination of minerals and rocks under high-power magnification

Use of density-gradient tube technique

Comparison of dried soil sample for color and texture

Examination for presence of debris under low-power magnification

Comparison of dried soil sample for color and texture

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It is a virtual certainty that faces two fabrics share a common origin if their fibers:

Can be fitted together at their torn edges

Have the same color

Appear identical in cross section

Have the same situations

Can be fitted together at their torn edges

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Emission spectroscopy measures the frequency of light emitted by an atom when one of its electrons moves to a higher orbital

True or False

False

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The toxicologist’s capabilities are NOT directly dependent on the input from the:

Attending physician

Medical examiner

Case prosecutor

Police

Case prosecutor

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PCR is a technique that:

Provides a statistical analysis of the nitrogenous-base pairings

Virtually eliminates operator error from DNA-analysis

Produces information regarding the sequence of nitrogenous bases

Can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA

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IN the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the:

Double-stranded molecules to separate completely

Hybridization to take place

Process to take place without DNA degradation

DNA to coil very tightly in the helical shape

Double-stranded molecules to separate completely

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A fiber whose microscopic appearance includes being ribbon-like in shape (flat) with twists at irregular intervals is:

Linen

Kapok

Polyester

Cotton

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Upon entering the bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized into:

Morphine

Opium

Cocaine

Procaine

Morphine

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The use of which drug will NOT lead to physical dependence?

Alcohol

Cocaine

Barbiturates

Heroin

Cocaine

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Which is an initiating explosive often used in detonators?

PETN

Dynamite

TNT

Lead azide

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The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody is known as:

Clotting

Radioimmunology

Serology

Agglutination

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Duquenois-Levine solutions were used on a sample and the chloroform layer turned purple. This suggests that the tested substance is:

Heroin

Valium

Cocaine

Marijuana

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Which is available in commercial form as fertilizer?

Triacetone triperoxide

Ammonium nitrate

Diazodintrophenol

Potassium chlorate

Ammonium nitrate

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The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers at:

0.04%

0.02%

0.05%

0.08%

0.04%

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Chromosomes are the fundamental units of heredity:

True or False

False

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A fuel can only achieve combustion in:

The gaseous state

A liquid-solid phase

The liquid state

The solid state

The gaseous state

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Which is a technique used to screen objects for the presence of explosive residues?

X-ray diffraction

Mass spectrometry

Ion-mobility spectrometry

Infrared spectrophotometry

Ion-mobility spectrometry

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How many different bases are associated with the makeup of DNA?

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The emission spectrograph is used to determine

Crystalline structure of a substance

Elemental composition of a substance

Weight of a substance

Mass of a substance

Elemental composition of a substance

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The variety of coatings applied to the body of an automobile adds significant diversity to automobile paint and contributes to the forensic significance of automobile paint comparisons

True or False

True

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In DNA replication, polymerases:

Separate the strands of the double helix

Enable the strands to unwind from the helix

Help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence

All of the above

Help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence

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There is a(n) ____ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath. Undetermined Indirect Direct Variable

Direct

Blood is drawn from a living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is kept unrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected to: Either increase or decrease with time Remain unchanged Increase with time Decrease with time

Decrease with time

Which hallucinogen can be synthesized by a simple chemical process and is often manufactured in clandestine laboratories? Marijuana Mescaline LSD PCP

PCP

What is the number of nitrogenous bases needed to code for a specific amino acid? 3 2 5 6

The amount of acid phosphates in seminal fluid is ____ the amount of acid phosphatase in the blood Greater than The same as Less than None of the above

Greater than

A breath test may be used to analyze: Marijuana Ethyl alcohol Barbiturates All of the above

Ethyl alcohol

Which step in the examination of fibers would logically be taken first? Infrared spectrophotometry Examination of dye composition using visible light microspectrophotometer Microscopic examination for color and diameter of fibers Making a cross sectional view of the fiber

Microscopic examination for color and diameter of fibers

A typical STR DNA type emanating from a single individual shows a ____ band pattern Three Two Zero Four

Two

Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule for the Controlled Substances Act? I III IV II

Nuclear DNA typing can be most successfully accomplished on hairs that have been removed during which stage of growth? Catagenic Anagenic Mutogenic Telogenic

Anagenic

In routine blood banking, which antigen(s) must be determined in testing for compatibility? A B D All of the above

All of the above

DNA is a(n): Protein Enzyme Starch Polymer

Polymer

Which part of the hair shaft is most resistant to chemical decomposition? Cortex Cuticle Follicle Medulla

Cuticle

The DRE program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to determine: Whether they have ever taken one or more drugs Whether they are transporting any illegal substances or not Whether they are involved in the buying or selling of drugs Whether they are under the influence of one or many drugs

Whether they are under the influence of one or many drugs

In the case of Schmerber v. California, blood was categorized as being: Direct evidence Nontestimonial evidence Indirect evidence Testimonial evidence

Nontestimonial evidence

What is the concentration at which vapor-to-fuel mixture in the air is capable of burning? Flammable range Lethal range Heat of combustion Spontaneous concentration

Flammable range

The Reinsch test would NOT be used to detect: Mercury Arsenic Bismuth Copper

Copper

Which part of cannabis contains the LEAST amount of THC? Resin Seeds Leaf Flower

Seeds

Which of the following properties should not be examined when comparing two synthetic fibers? Diameter Lengthwise striations Medullary index Presence or absence of delustering particles

Presence or absence of delustering particles

Which is NOT part of the composition of paint? Adhesive Binder Pigment Solvent

Adhesive

Which coating provides resistance to corrosion? Basecoat Electrocoat primer Clearcoat Primer surface

Electrocoat primer

Whole blood collected for DNA typing purposes must be placed in a container with the preservative: CODIS Rh factor Ethylene glycol EDTA

EDTA

The building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as: Nucleotides Amino acids Polysaccharides Hydrocarbons

Nucleotides

When investigators search a fire scene, the first focus must be on: Finding the origin of the fire Taking photographs and making sketches Interviewing eyewitnesses All of the above

Finding the origin of the fire

Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable residues? GC IR NAA TLC

Use this DNA STR pattern of evidence from a rape investigation to answer the following question. Note that suspect B has only one band in his lane. this is most likely an indication that: He is homozygous for the gene He is trisomic for the trait His DNA was contaminated during the collection process Band shifting occured

He is homozygous for the gene

The amount of DNA material required for STR analysis is ___ the amount of DNA required for RFLP analysis The same as Greater than Less than None of the above

Less than

A stain tentatively can be identified as blood by: The luminol test The phenolphthalein test The benzidine test All of the above

All of the above

The investigator should not try to remove trace paint evidence found on a tool but package the tool laboratory examination instead: True or False

True

Marijuana is considered to be a: Narcotic Depressant Stimulant Hallucinogen

Stimulant

Many explosives must have their own source of: Energy Oxygen Heat Fuel

Oxygen

People with type O blood have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells True or False

False

Which is NOT a synthetic fiber? Polyester Acrylic Rayon All answers are synthetic

Rayon

The Marquis Reagent was used on drug evidence and it turned purple. The drug being tested could be: Either A or B Heroin Cocaine Methadone

Heroin

The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood is: Ultra-violet spectrophotometry Gas chromatography Infrared spectrophotometry Thin-layer chromatography

Gas chromatography

Most narcotics are: Depressants to the central nervous system Obtains from opium Physically addicting All of the above

All of the above

An element is selective in the frequency of light it will absorb. This selectively is due to its: Proton cloud Electron energy levels Number of neutrons Atomic mass

Electron energy levels

What type of evidence would be expected to have trace elements? Paint and bullet fragments Glass and metal objects Soil and gun primer particles All of the above

All of the above

Which is true of the use of mild tranquilizers? They reduce tension They impair high-thinking faculties They induce sleep They do not produce dependency

They reduce tension

The Controlled Substance Act established five schedules of classification for substance based on the drugs: Potential for physical dependence Potential for psychological dependence Medical value All of the above

All of the above

Automobile finishes typically contain which layer(s)? An electrocoat primer, colorcoat, and clearcoat Colorcoat Electrocoat primer and colorcoat Clearcoat

An electrocoat primer, colorcoat, and clearcoat

Standard/reference soil samples should be collected at the site of the crime at various intervals within a 100-foot radius of the crime scene True or False

True

The specificity of microcrystalline tests is _____ the specificity of color tests The same as Less than Greater than None of the above

Greater than

Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may define the timeline for drug use, dating it back over a period of: Years Weeks Days All of the above

All of the above

The rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoretic gel is ____ the rate at which small DNA fragments move through the same apparatus Less than Greater than The same as None of the above

Less than

Which absorption spectrum is equivalent to a "fingerprint" of a substance and can be used for identification purposes? X-ray IR UV Visible

It is not necessary that the collected paint from a vehicle involved in a hit-and-run accident be close to the area of the car suspected of being in contact with the victim True or False

False

The presence of high levels or carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the victim: Died elsewhere and was brought to the fire scene after death Died before the fire started Perished after the fire was started Was the arsonist

Perished after the fire was started

Which of the following is considered to be a hallucinogen? Phencyclidine (PCP) Mescaline Psilocybin All of the above

All of the above

A drug recognition expert (DRE) can: Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual Identify street drugs by their appearance Help a drug user acknowledge his/her habit and suggest ways to become drug-free Determine whether a person has taken one or more drugs

Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it: Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin Causes platelets to clump Activates killer white blood cells Destroys red blood cells

Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin

Aspermia is an abnormally low sperm count True or False

False

Which technique allows for both separation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of substances? UV spectrophotometry IR spectrophotometry GC GC/MS

GC/MS

Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or shock? ANFO Primary explosive Secondary explosive Dynamite

Primary explosive

After examining small paint chips from an auto accident scene and using PDQ database, the crime lab worker can determine the _____ of a vehicle. Year Model Make All of the above

All of the above

A compound can tentatively be identified by gas chromatography from its: Retention time Partition coefficient Carrier gas Rf value

Retention time

Which race is most likely to have head hair with continuous medullae? Caucasian Native American Negroid Mongoloid

Mongoloid

The tranquilizers Valium and Librium are classified in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act? IV II I III

Which physical symptom is part of the abstinence syndrome? Stomach cramps and vomiting Body chills Convulsions All of the above

All of the above

STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of: 3-7 bases 13-17 bases 18-20 bases 8-12 bases

3-7 bases

A substance with a pH of 8 is likely to be: Basic Acidic Neutral Water

Basic

Neuron activation analysis involves bombarding specimens with neutrons and then measuring the resultant: Beta particles X-rays Alpha particles Gamma rays

Gamma rays

The central canal running through many hairs is known as the: Cortex Shaft Cuticle Medulla

Medulla

Luminol can be used at crime scenes to: Light up the crime scene with a high degree of illumination Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing Make hair evidence fluoresce Locate latent prints that otherwise would be overlooked

Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing

How should blood-containing clothes from a victim be packaged? In an airtight clear plastic container In a metal paint can In an airtight metal container In breathable paper after blood has dried

In breathable paper after the blood has dried

Most human cells contain forty-six chromosomes, arranged in twenty-three mated pairs True or False

True

Which chemical reaction is associated with a fire? Reduction Oxidation Precipitation None of the above

Oxidation

What is true about monoclonal antibodies? They are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen They are produced utilizing rapidly multiplying blood-cancer cells They can be produced using mice All of the above

All of the above

The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is ____ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach The same as Less than None of the above Greater than

Less than

PSA (p30) is a: Protein specific to females Blood enzyme used to discriminate bloodstains Polymorphic enzyme found in red blood cells Protein found in seminal plasma

Protein found in seminal plasma

Which would produce "fingerprints" of the fibers? Infrared spectrophotometry Examination of dye composition using visible light microspectrophotometer Microscopic examination for color and diameter of fibers Making a cross-sectional view of the fibers

Infrared spectrophotometry

Which of the following properties should be examined when comparing two fibers? Diameter Birefringence Color All of the above

All of the above

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA? Uracil Adenine Cytosine Thymine

Uracil

If blood is found to have both A and B antigens it is typed as: A B AB O

A human head hair is best characterized by: Its color A medulla that is more that 1/2 the overall diameter of the hair shaft A medulla that is absent or less than 1/3 the overall diameter of the hair shaft The absence of a cortex

A medulla that is absent or less than 1/3 the overall diameter of the hair shaft

The separation of STRs using capillary electrophoresis: Is currently the preferred method Evolved from the flat-gel electrophoresis approach Decreases analysis time All of the above

All of the above

Rayon is classified as a: Plant fiber Synthetic fiber Regenerated fiber Natural fiber

Regenerated fiber

The ____ properties of crystals, such as refractive index and birefringence, provides points of identification that help characterize them Chemical Optical Amorphous Physical

Optical

Paint as physical evidence is most frequently encountered in: Burglary A hit-and-run Car theft Both A and B

Both A and B

Which would be LEAST useful in identifying a mineral crystal? Geometric shape Size Color Refractive index

Size

Which is often used as the explosive core in a detonating cord? TNT SOFT PETN C-4

PETN

Which coat represents the "eye appeal"? Electrocoat primer Clearcoat Basecoat Primer surface

Clearcoat

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene because: Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly All of the above

All of the above

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals can be directly known? Type B and Type O Type A and Type AB Type AB and Type O Type A and Type B

Type AB and Type O

Which of the following statements is false? The Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin Non-human blood also contains proteins with peroxidase like activity A-B-O antigens are present in all human blood Dried bloodstains may tentatively be identified as blood by peroxidase test

The Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin

Which is the most widely used and abused drug? Heroin Alcohol Marijuana Cocaine

Alcohol

Type AB blood contains: Anti-A antigens and anti-B antibodies Anti-A antibodies and B antigens Both A and B antigens Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Both A and B antigens

Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle East? RDX TATP TNT PETN

TATP

The concept of simultaneously extracting, amplifying, and detecting a combination of STRs is known as: PCR THO1 Electrophoresis Multiplexing

Multiplexing

Which is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States today? Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Alcohol

Marijuana

Complex chromatographic accelerant patterns can be simplified by: Mass spectrometry Thin-layer chromatography Gas chromatography Headspace analysis

Mass spectrometry

The D antigen is also known as the ___ antigen Rh X AB Monoclonal

For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body tissues, an amphetamine is classified as an: Acid drug Basic drug Neutral drug All of the above

Basic drug

Telltale signs of arson include: Trails of burn patterns Separate points of origin The presence of containers All of the above

All of the above

Biological evidence should be packaged in plastic or airtight containers True False

False

Which property imparts paint with its most distinctive forensic characteristics? Color-layer sequence Gloss Color Texture

Color-layer sequence

Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is ATGC, State the sequence of bases on the second strand GCAT TGGC ACTC TACG

TACG

Barbiturates act to: Promote relaxation Produce sleep Create a feeling of well-being All of the above

All of the above

The concentration of alcohol in an exhaled breath is in direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ration of this relationship is closest to: 1:100 1:2,000 1:10 1:1,000

1:2,000

Field sobriety tests that can be employed to ascertain the degree of an individual's alcohol impairment normally do not include the following: Horizontal gaze nystagmus Portable, roadside breath tester Gas chromatography Walk and turn

Gas chromatography

Which type(s) of screening and confirmation tests are used for analyzing evidence of explosives? TLC Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry Color spot tests All of the above

All of the above

Heroin is a chemical derivative of: Barbituric acid Methadone Morphine Codeine

Morphine

Buccal cells are obtained from: The mouth and inside of the cheek Blood Urine Semen

The mouth and inside of the cheek

Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a laboratory examination of evidence recovered from an arson? The ignition mechanism used by the arsonist The presence of gasoline, kerosene, or turpentine in debris The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire Origin of liquid gasolines

The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire

Acid-phosphate is a major constituent of: Perspiration Blood Semen Saliva

Semen

Methamphetamine is a: Stimulant Hallucinogen Depressant Tranquilizer

Stimulant

Which is NOT a high explosive? TNT Black powder RDX Dynamite

Black powder

Which component of DNA forms the backbone of the molecule? Sugar Nitrogenous base Phosphate group Both A and C

Both A and C

In forensic toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by a specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice is: Gas chromatography Infrared spectrophotometry Ultraviolet spectrophotometry Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An individual who is type O has: O antibodies B antibodies A antibodies Both A and B antibodies

Both A and B antibodies

A gene pair made up of two similar alleles-for example, AA and BB- is said to be: Homozygous Monoclonal antibodies Heterozygous Complementary

Homozygous

The presence of ___ indicates that a stain is seminal in nature p30 PGM DNA Peroxidase

p30

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive TATP? Aluminum Magnesium Hydrogen peroxide Potassium chlorate

Hydrogen peroxide

If soil is found adhering to an object, the investigator should remove the soil particles from the object and send them to the laboratory True False

False

Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected by: A portable detector (sniffer) Trained dogs Most people Both A and B

Both A and B

Medullae may be classified as being: Continuous Interrupted or absent Fragmented All of the above

All of the above

Which statement is true? Hair can be individualized through its trace elemental composition Two hairs from the same head may not have the same morphological characteristics Hair is not routinely examined to determine sex The racial origin of hair can always be identified

Two hairs from the same head may not have the same morphological characteristics

About 95-98 percent of alcohol is oxidized to what two substances? Water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide and dehydrogenase Water and acetic acid Acetaldehyde and acetic acid

Water and carbon dioxide

What is true about the "club drug" Rohypnol? It is enhanced when combined with alcohol It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless It results in loss of memory of what happened in the hours after ingestion All of the above

All of the above

The visible light microspectrophotometer is a convenient tool with which to compare the color of fibers because: Very small samples can be compared Fibers can be studied right on a microscope slide Fibers are not destroyed All of the above

All of the above

The layers of hair shaft are the ____, the ______, and the ____ Cuticle; root; medulla Pigment; cortex; pigment Cuticle; cortex; medulla Cortex; mitochondria; pigment

Cuticle; cortex; medulla

The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by: Gregor Mendel James Watson Francis Crick Both B and C

Both B and C

Which is NOT a factor in determining the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream? The presence or absence of food in the stomach The alcoholic content of the beverage The amount consumed All of the above are factors

All of the above are factors

Which of the following depicts correct base-pairing in DNA? C-T A-U T-A G-A

T-A

Beard hairs are coarse and normally ____ in cross-section Triangular Oval Ribbon-like Round

Triangular

By far the most prevalent plant fiber is: Silk Linen Cotton Kapok

Cotton

What is the major advantage of using the vapor concentration technique with gas chromatography? Ability to determine relative concentration of solid residues Low resolution of peaks associated with volatile residues High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues Only non-volatile residues will be detected

High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues

A regenerated fiber can be derived from: Acetate Rayon Cellulose Polyester

Cellulose

The concentration of the absorbing element is directly proportional to the quantity of the light absorbed True or False

True

Nonmotile sperm generally survive for up to four to six hours in the vaginal cavity of a living female True or False

False

Microscopic hair comparisons must be regarded by police and courts as: Individualizing Useless Presumptive Conclusive

Presumptive

Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily in: The stomach The liver The small intestine The lungs

The liver

What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a fuel, which produces a noticeable release of energy? Explosion Combustion Ignition The flash point

Combustion

Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged in: Urine Perspiration Breath All of the above

All of the above

The technology of DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of: Henry Lee Francis Crick James Watson Alec Jeffreys

Alec Jeffreys

Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of: Ethnicity Blood type Gender Eye color

Gender

Use of which if the following drugs is LEAST likely to lead psychological dependence? Alcohol Heroin Codeine Cocaine

Codeine

The discriminating power of mtDNA is ____ the discriminating power of STR analysis Greater than Less than The same as None of the above

Less than

Paint chips may be individualized to a single source by examining their: Color and layer structure Ultraviolet spectra Pyrograms Infrared spectra

Color and layer structure

After the paint has been applied to a surface, the solvent evaporates True or False

True

Which feature of hair is MOST important in making a species identification? Scale pattern Shaft length Bulb size Follicle shape

Scale pattern

Antibodies are found: In the blood serum In the solid portion of blood In the red blood cells In the white blood cells

In the blood serum

One parent is type AB; the other parent is type O. A possible genotype for an offspring is: AO OO AB None of the above

Forcibly removed hairs are most likely to provide useful DNA evidence because they bear: Catagenic roots Telogenic roots Follicular tissue Mitochondria

Follicular tissue

Paint binders can be chemically analyzed using: TLC Pyrolysis GC IR spectrophotometry Both B and C

Both B and C

High explosives can be classified as either _____ or _____ explosives Initial; secondary Primary; secondary Military grade; non-military grade Civilian; military

Primary; secondary

Most explosives can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed with: Toluene Water Kerosene Acetone

Acetone

As currently performed, DNA-profiling technology cannot provide information helpful in: Matching a suspect to biological evidence found at a crime scene Settling matters of questioned paternity/maternity Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect Deciding immigration cases based on family relationships

Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect

he Dillie-Koppanyi reagent is useful in screening for: Opiates Barbiturates Amphetamines Marijuana

Barbiturates

he rate of human hair growth per month is: 1 cm 1 dm 1 inch 1 mL

1 cm

Which is the most widely used low explosive? Potassium chlorate and sugar Black powder Smokeless powder Both B and C

Both B and C

Final Flashcards

(175 cards)