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HERSTORY 2111 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

AHHHHHHHHHH (80 cards)

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1
Q

Who of Lumpkin House

A

Wilson Lumpkin, Former Georgia Governor

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2
Q

Who of St. Louis to Chihuahua Trail

A

U.S. and Mexican tradesmen, as well as Susan Shelby Magoffin

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3
Q

Who of Erie Canal

A

Largely built by Irish and German immigrants, as well as American early civil engineers; fiercely promoted by DeWitt Clinton

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4
Q

Who of Anti-slavery vs. Abolition

A

Frederick Douglas was an example of an Abolitionist, while Abraham Lincoln was an example of an anti-slavery individual. James Oglethorpe might be one of the earliest abolitionists.

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5
Q

Who of Sand Creek Massacre

A

Colorado Militia led by Colonel John Chivington who had previously led the Union to victory in “The Gettysburg of The West” at the Battle of Glorietta Pass. Cheyanne and Arapaho Indians

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6
Q

Who of Oneida Colony

A

John Humphrey Noyes and followers

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7
Q

Who of San Patricios

A

Irish Immigrant soldiers led by John Riley who fought alongside the Mexican Army in the Mexican American War. Their death was ordered by General Winfield Scott.

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8
Q

Who of Cherokee Trail

A

Cherokee Indians, Lewis Evans (a former sheriff of Evansville)

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9
Q

Who of William “Green” Russell

A

Man from Georgia who traveled to Colorado, married Cherokee woman by the name of Susan Jane Willis Russell.

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10
Q

Who of Port Royal Experiment

A

Edward L. Pierce was a government agent tasked with overseeing the progress of the Port Royal Experiment

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11
Q

Who of Morrill Act

A

Sponsored by senator Justin Morrill of Vermont

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12
Q

Who of Mountain Meadows Massacre

A

William H. Dame, a leader in Utah, Latter-day Saints, and the Baker-Fancher party

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13
Q

Who of Bleeding Kansas

A

Abolitionist figures like John Brown and Charles Sumner and pro-slavery figures like Preston Brooks (who beat Charles Sumner in the senate after his speech criticizing pro-slavers).

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14
Q

Who of “Gettysburg of the West”

A

John Chivington and New Mexican scouts

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15
Q

Who of Battle of Wounded Knee

A

Sitting Bull, James W. Forsyth, and the Miniconjou

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16
Q

Who of Cripple Creek Miners Strike

A

Miners, owners, and sheriff Frank Bowers

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17
Q

What is Lumpkin House

A

A house of rock in Athens, GA, built as a farmhouse despite its fortified appearance

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18
Q

What is St. Louis to Chihuahua Trail

A

Trade route from St. Louis Missouri to Chihuahua Mexico, part of the larger network of the Santa Fe Trail

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19
Q

What is Erie Canal

A

Man-made waterway spanning 363 miles from Albany to Buffalo, shortened the trip from two weeks to just five days

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20
Q

What is Anti-slavery vs. Abolition

A

They were two different ideas in the treatment of slavery. Abolitionism was the idea that slavery should be done away with entirely. Anti-slavery was the idea that the spread of slavery should be stopped, but the institution as a whole does not need to be stopped.

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21
Q

What is Sand Creek Massacre

A

Increasing travel across the Santa Fe Trail for westward expansion, trade, and gold mining led the U.S. to encroach on Indian territory. A treaty (Fort Laramie) was put in place that allowed the Cheyanne and Arapaho Indians to maintain a large amount of land around Fort Bent in Colorado. The U.S. continued to encroach and this territory was then converted to less than 10% of what it initially was (Fort Wise). After several more bouts of interaction with Indians, Governor John Evans requested military aid, and John Chivington led a militia of several 100-day volunteer troops from Colorado. They then marched to the Sand Creek camp ground and slaughtered around 200 peaceful Indians, around 150 of which were women, children, and elderly.

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22
Q

What is Oneida Colony

A

A utopian community founded on the basis of perfectionism, the belief that Christ had already returned to earth and perfection/paradise could be found there. The community practiced ascending fellowship, communalism, complex marriage, and mutual criticism. It eventually fizzled out when John handed leadership over to his son Theodore Noyes who was an agnostic.

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23
Q

What is San Patricios

A

With the famine in Ireland, several Irish people migrated to America. They faced much persecution in America due to their catholicism, so John Riley, an Irish man, formed a group to join the Mexican Army in the Mexican-American War. General Winfield Scott led an attack where they were stationed at Chapultepec Castle and ended up with an American Victory. The next day, thirty San Patricio men were hanged at the same time the US flag was hoisted above the castle.

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24
Q

What is Cherokee Trail

A

A trail made initially by several Cherokee Indians and Lewis Evans in 1849. They wanted to head west of the gold rush and make a fortune. The trail continued to be used by people seeking gold to the west as an alternative to the main trail to avoid the Cholera epidemic.

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25
What is William "Green" Russell
A man from Georgia of who traveled west to Colorado alongside the gold rush. He discovered gold at Little Dry Creek, which caused the gold rush to boom further in Colorado. Had a plantation with his wife Susan Willis who was from a prominent Cherokee family.
26
What is Port Royal Experiment
In 1861, the Union Navy attacked and obtained Beaufort on the Sea Islands in South Carolina from the confederation. Most white residents fled the Sea Islands after, leaving several abandoned plantations. The Union then decided to use Port Royal as the first experimental zone of freedmen. They transitioned to waged labor from slave labor (albeit with low wages). Then, abandoned property was redistributed to these freedmen. Then, they began constructing schools and sending teachers to increase literacy among freedmen. Black men were then allowed to enlist in the U.S. army.
27
What is Morrill Act
The Morrill Act was a federal act that granted public lands to be used as educational facilities. Much of this land came from Native Americans post-removal. Many universities today are land-grant universities, such as Cornell and the University of Georgia. A second Morrill Act of 1890 required states to establish separate land-grant schools for black Americans, or allow them to receive education from the already established schools.
28
What is Mountain Meadows Massacre
During mass migration to California for the gold rush, Mormons in Utah became skeptical that Americans crossing through their land would seek to kill them for their religious practices. Arkansas emigrants who had no idea of their fears became trapped by the Latter-day Saints who had formed a militia by that point. After enlisting Native American help and attacking Arkansas emigrants for several days, William H. Dame ordered the slaughter of all emigrants, even children. 25 families were killed, and no one over the age of 7 made it out alive.
29
What is Bleeding Kansas
With westward expansion, the debate over the expansion of slavery became a hot topic, especially in Kansas Territory. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 separated Kansas and Nebraska, and decided the two would be responsible for their own positions on slavery via popular sovereignty. With this decision, several pro-slavery, anti-slavery, and abolitionists swarmed into Kansas to have a voice in the debate. Several bouts of violence ensued, including John Brown's massacre of several pro-slavery men. This era of violence continued until Kansas entered as a free state in 1861.
30
What is "Gettysburg of the West"
The "Gettysburg of the West" was the battle at Glorietta Pass. The Union Army, led by General John Chivington, was led by New Mexican scouts to the rim of the Apache canyon during the battle. There, they defended the canyon and found confederate supply chains. They destroyed their supplies and set free or killed their horses and mules. Despite the confederacy actively winning on the battlefield, they were forced to surrender due to their lack of supplies.
31
What is Battle of Wounded Knee
After years of Plains Wars and several violent pursuits of taking Native American land, the United States eventually ended the Plains Wars with one final slaughter. Lakota Indians were forced to assimilate with U.S. ideals, taking away their culture and identity. They were given minimal land and rations by the U.S. government, and in 1889 their rations were heavily struck. Suffering with famine, Lakota people began a religious movement called the Ghost Dance. In an American attempt to suppress the Native dancing practice, troops ended up killing nine Lakota Indians, one of which was an influential leader, Sitting Bull. After the attack, many Lakota Indians attempted to peacefully negotiate. Despite this, the 7th Calvary led by Col. James W. Forsyth, intruded the Minconjou camp and commanded them to surrender their weapons. One man began the Ghost Dance as a protective ritual, and one man's gun accidentally went off. The 7th Calvary then slaughtered around 250-300 Minconjou in total.
32
When was Lumpkin House
Completed in 1844
33
When was St. Louis to Chihuahua Trail
Became active in 1821, traveled by Magoffin in 1846
34
When was Erie Canal
Completed and opened in 1825
35
When was Anti-slavery vs. Abolition
Prominent ideas from the early to mid 1800s. Anti-slavery ideas became a hot topic of debate in the 1850s due to westward expansion.
36
When was Sand Creek Massacre
November 29, 1864
37
When was Oneida Colony
1848-1881
38
When was San Patricios
September 13, 1847
39
When was Cherokee Trail
Used from 1849 and into the 1890s
40
When was William "Green" Russell
Born in 1820, found the gold in July of 1858
41
When was Port Royal Experiment
Fall of 1861 and Spring of 1862
42
When was Morrill Act
1862 and 1890
43
When was Mountain Meadows Massacre
September 11, 1857
44
When was Bleeding Kansas
1854-1861
45
When was "Gettysburg of the West"
March 28, 1862
46
When was Battle of Wounded Knee
December 28, 1890
47
When was Cripple Creek Miners Strike
1894
48
Where was Lumpkin House
On what is now the property of UGA, specifically off of Cedar Street
49
Where was St. Louis to Chihuahua Trail
Missouri, into New Mexico territory, and south into Mexico
50
Where was Erie Canal
New York, from Albany to Buffalo
51
Where was Anti-slavery vs. Abolition
While the ideas typically came from the North due to the reliance the South had developed on slavery as an economic tool, the ideas became more topical in the West leading up to the Civil War.
52
Where was Sand Creek Massacre
Sand Creek campground, a bit north of Fort Lyon
53
Where was Oneida Colony
Oneida, New York
54
Where was San Patricios
US-Mexico borderlands, Chapultepec Castle
55
Where was Cherokee Trail
Spanned from Oklahoma and upwards through Colorado
56
Where was William "Green" Russell
Denver, Colorado: Russell Gulch near Denver is named after him
57
Where was Port Royal Experiment
Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina
58
Where was Morrill Act
Passed in Washington D.C., but affected states nation-wide
59
Where was Mountain Meadows Massacre
Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory
60
Where was Bleeding Kansas
Kansas territory, John Brown attacked at Pottawatomie Creek
61
Where was "Gettysburg of the West"
New Mexico Territory
62
Where was Battle of Wounded Knee
Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota
63
Where was Cripple Creek Miners Strike
Cripple Creek, Colorado
64
Why was Lumpkin House important
Lumpkin's choice to build the house out of stone reflected the fear in the south that an Indian uprising was likely during the time of the Indian Removal Act.
65
Why was St. Louis to Chihuahua Trail important
Solidified cultural and economic exchange between the U.S. and Mexico, also facilitated westward expansion
66
Why was Erie Canal important
Boosted commerce, helped make New York an economic powerhouse, served as a migration route, gave rise to many cities like Rochester and Syracuse, and the towpath of the canal served as one of the routes in the Underground Railroad.
67
Why was Anti-slavery vs. Abolition important
The difference in these two ideas created more sectional tensions, influenced political debate, and eventually led to the Civil War.
68
Why was Sand Creek Massacre important
Showed the violence of the U.S. toward Native Americans, fueled further Plains Wars and conflict at the same time as the Civil War, occurred at the same time as General Sherman's march through Georgia.
69
Why was Oneida Colony important
It reflected the era's social experimentation and reform movements attempt at finding a new and successful social structure. Gave rise to several other "Noyesian" communities in other cities.
70
Why were San Patricios important
Represented ethnic tensions and moral conflicts over the war; viewed as traitors by the U.S., heroes in Mexico; left an important mark on culture, specifically the celebration of Saint Patrick's Day in Mexico
71
Why was Cherokee Trail important
Showed the movement of Native American tribes post-removal via the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma. It also showed their contributions toward westward expansion.
72
Why was William "Green" Russell important
His discovery of gold at Little Dry Creek sparked the Pike’s Peak Gold Rush that gave rise to cities like Denver
73
Why was Port Royal Experiment important
Led the United States as the first area to attempt reconstruction. This meant that after the Civil War, when reconstruction efforts were at an all time high, areas looked at the Port Royal Experiment as an outline for reconstruction.
74
Why was Morrill Act important
Overcame the barrier that was deciding how to fund public education systems.
75
Why was Mountain Meadows Massacre important
It was one of the most devastating unprompted attacks in American history
76
Why was Bleeding Kansas important
The entrance of Kansas as a free state sparked even more controversy about the west. This led to the beginning of the Civil War just a few months later.
77
Why was "Gettysburg of the West" important
The Battle of Glorieta Pass was important because it served to halt the confederacy's attempt to control areas in the west.
78
Why was Battle of Wounded Knee important
This "battle" marked the end of the Plains Wars, though it was more of a massacre. It later prompted the Remove the Stains Act which rescinded the medals of honor that 20 of the American troops received.
79
Why was Cripple Creek Miners Strike important
Was a huge success and showed the power of labor unions. Later, the Western Federation of Miners would evolve into the United Mine Workers Union, an important labor union still around today.
80
What is Cripple Creek Miners Strike
In 1894, the Cripple Creek area had a huge gold mining boom. 150 mines were formed, and workers poured in from all over the country. With a labor surplus, owners of the Cripple Creek Mine increased the working day from8 to 10 hours, or miners could continue to work 8 hours with a 50 cent decrease in their daily wages. Furious, miners went on strike. Sheriff Frank Bowers and several gunmen were hired by the owners to quell the miners, but were met with hostility and dynamite explosions. Eventually, the military intervened and miners were returned back to an 8 hour day with a $3 daily wage.

HERSTORY 2111 (4 decks)

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