final Flashcards
(67 cards)
be able to apply the concepts of nature/nurture, continuity/discontinuity, universal/context specific
desrcibe erikson’s theory
basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. same and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs inferiority, indentity vs identity confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integration vs. despair
know bronfrenbrenner systems
microsystem: home, school, immediate family. mesosystem: influences of microsystem on each other
exosystem: social, environmental and governmental
describe the stages of Piaget’s theory
senorimotor stage: child interacts with the world thru sensation and movement.
preoperational: develops ability to use symbols. egocentric: understnads the world only from their own perspective.
concrete operational: can use logic and reasoning. connot accurately consider the hypothetical.
formal: thinks abstractly, deals with hypothetical concepts
know vygotsky’s ZPD and terms
ZPD: term for the skills a person can exercise only with assistance.
scaffolding: temproary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities, aimed at helping the learner master the next task
know the information processing theory
brain processes like a computer
know sternburg’s theory
analytic, creative, practical intelligence
describe the various approaches to research
cause and effect, observations, interview, longitudinal study
describe the difference between genotype and phenotype. what is polygenic inheritance
when many genes affect the phenotype of a trait. phenotype: physical expression of genes. geneotype:
define age of viability
age in womb where baby can live and thrive outside the womb- 23 months
define low birthweight
<5.5 lbs
how and why isi the apgar test used to evaluate newborns
done twice- 1 min and 5 min after birth to identify critical test
define teratogen and critical periods
teratogen: anything from the environment that affects the baby negatively. critical periods: when fetus/embryo is at highest risk ( wk 3-8)
describe the development of the brain- myelination, neural pruning, prefrontal cortex, amygdala
myelination: fatty coating to increase neural speed. neural pruning: don’t use it, lose it
describe growth in the infant’s fist year
triple their weight in 1st year
descrieb the nature of infant reflexes and possible purposes of the reflexes
some appear to have survival implications, others as precursors for later voluntary motor behavior. testing newbron reflexes reflects the health of the nervous system
describe how the senses develop in a newborn
hearing is the best, vision is the worst
indentify risk factors associated with SIDS
sleeping on the stomach, smoking, good ventilation for sleep
outline the benefits of breastfeeding
fewer allergies, digestive issues, passing of immune system
explain ainsworth’s concepts of secure and insecure attachment in the strange situation
secure attachment means making a connection with the caregiver. insecure attachments: there is no connection
insecure avoidant: infants seems to not care about caregiver’s prescence, departrue or return
insecure- resistant/ambivalent: infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident and becomes upset at separation and ressits and seeks contact upon reuinioin.
disorganized: inconsistent reactions to caregiver’s departure and return
explain the concept of child directed speech
define basic emotions and how they differ from complex emotions
complex emotions are: guilt, embarrasment, pride. basic emotions: happy, sad, content
tell how social referencing and stranger anxiety are expressed in a child’s behavior
after a child is fully attached to caregiver they show fear and preference for someone when handed over.
describe the just right phenomenon expressed in preschool children
become picky and needs things be a certain way
