test 2

Question 1

zygote

Answer 1

wks 1-2

Question 2

embryo

Answer 2

wks 3-8; most critical stage of pregnancy. all foundational organs, and characteristics are established here

Question 3

fetus

Answer 3

wk 9-birth; wk 9: differentiation of the ovaries and testes. wk 12: circulatory system begins to function. wk 16: movement felt by mother.
wk 32: age of viability- can survive outside the uterus

Question 4

teratogens

Answer 4

disease causing environmental factors (alcohol, illicit drugs, unpasteurized milk and cheese, lead, mercury, asprin

Question 5

stages of labor

Answer 5

stage 1: last 12-24 hrs (for first birth) and includes contractions and cervical dilation to 10 cm. this is initiated by the baby’s brain
stage 2; include actual birth of the baby and lasts about an hour
stage 3: lasts a few minutes and involves expelling of the placenta

Question 6

true or false: infants triple their weight by 1 year

Answer 6

true

Question 7

how many times is the apgar index test performed ?

Answer 7

2x- right after birth and 5 minutes after birth

Question 8

what is the apgar index test measuring

Answer 8

HR, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes, skin tone/color (blue, pink)

Question 9

newborn reflexes

Answer 9

born with specific responses (like sucking and rooting). some reflexes appear to be precursors for later voluntary motor behavior, and reflect the health of the nervous system

Question 10

shaken baby syndrome

Answer 10

life threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections

Question 11

new born states

Answer 11

alert inactivity: calm, attentive, focus. waking activity unfocused, moving legs, arms. crying: communication. sleeping

Question 12

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 12

2-4 months most common age range affected, 2/1000 children affected, unexplainable cause of death

Question 13

SIDS risk factors

Answer 13

second hand smoking, stomach sleeping, overheating

Question 14

gross motor skills

Answer 14

physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping

Question 15

fine motor skills

Answer 15

physical abilities involving small body movements (hands and fingers especially)

Question 16

true or false: vision is the most advanced sense at birth

Answer 16

false- hearing is the most advanced at birth. vision is the least advanced sense

Question 17

how many extra calories need to be consumed to produce breastmilk?

Answer 17

750

Question 18

sensorimotor intelligence

Answer 18

the way infants think by using their sense and motor skills during the first period of cognitive development

Question 19

assimilation

Answer 19

adaptation in whihc new experiences are interpreted to fit into or assimilate with ideas

Question 20

accomodation

Answer 20

term for a type of adaptation in which old ideas are restructured to include or accommodate new experiences

Question 21

object permanence

Answer 21

the realization taht objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched or heard

Question 22

child directed speech

Answer 22

hihg pitched simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants

Question 23

naming explosion

Answer 23

sudden increase in vocabulary that begins at ~18 months of age

Question 24

attachment

Answer 24

a lasting emotional bond that one person has with another

Question 25

secure attachment

Answer 25

infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his/her caregiver

Question 26

insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 26

infant avoids connection w/ caregiver as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure or return

Question 27

insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment

Answer 27

infants axiety and uncertainty are evident. like when infant becomes upset upon caregiver separation and resists and seeks contact upon reuinion

Question 28

disorganized attachment

Answer 28

a type of attachment that is marked by inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return

Question 29

at what age does fear emerge

Answer 29

around 9mo in response to people, things, or situations

Question 30

stranger wariness

Answer 30

no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too close

Question 31

separation anxiety

Answer 31

tears, dismay, or anger when a familiar caregiver leaves. if this persists past age 3 it may be considered an emotional disorder

Question 32

what new emotions are present at the end of the 2nd year

Answer 32

pride, shame, embarrassment, guilt

Question 33

at what age does the infant become self aware

Answer 33

15-18 months

Question 33

social learning

Answer 33

the acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others

Question 33

temperament

Answer 33

inborn differences btwn one perosn and another in emotions, activity and self-regulation

Question 33

proximal parenting

Answer 33

caregiving practices that invovle being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching

Question 33

what are the 4 categories of temperament

Answer 33

easy, difficult, slow to warm up, hard to classify

Question 33

distal parenting

Answer 33

caregiving practices that invovle being physically distant from the baby. providing toys, food, and face to face communication with minimal holding and touching

Question 33

social referencing

Answer 33

seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else's expression and reactions. mothers use a variety of expressions, vocalizations and gestures to convey social information to their infants