Final Flashcards
6 Rights of medications
PT
DOSE
DRUG
ROUTE
TIME
DOCUMENTATION
Metric System
Gram
Liter
Meter
Celsis
1 t = ____mL
3 t = _____T
1 oz. = _____mL
1 g = ______mg
1000 mg = __________mcg
5 mL
1 T
30 mL
1000mg
1000000mcg
- What is a crystalloid solution?
- Types of this solution?
- Examples
- Fluid and electrolytes
- Isotonic (Stays where I put it)
0.9% NS (blood prod)
LR
D5W - Hypertonic (Enter the vessel from cell)
D5NS
D5 in 0.4%NS
D5 in LR - Hypotonic (Out of the vessel into cell)
0.45% NS
What are colloids?
Plasma Expanders
Stay in the intravascular compartment
Hyperkalemia
S/S
R/F
TX
s/s: Muscle cramps and weakness
Urine Abnormalities
Respiratory distress
Decrease HR/BP
ECG changes (peaked T waves/Flat P/QRS wide/PR long)
R/F: Spironolactone (potassium sparing)
ACE inhibitors/NSAIDS
KD/ Acidosis
Addison’s
TX: Monitor EKG
DC IV/PO potassium
Potassium excreting diuretics
Dialysis
IV: CA gluconate/Bicarb
Hypokalemia
S/S
R/F
TX
s/s Thready/ irreg pulse/orthostatic hypotension
Shallow RR/Confusion/coma
Anxiety
n/v/abd distention/constipation
ECG: ST depress/U wave/ invert T wave
R/F inadeq potassium intake (fasting/NPO)
Alkalosis
Hyperinsulinism
Water intox
TX: Potassium supplements
Potassium retaining diuretic
NEVER ADMIN IVP/IM/SQ ROUTES
HYPERCALCEMIA
S/S
R/F
TX
S/S Bone pain
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest (bounding pulse)
Kidney stone
Muscle weakness
Excessive urination
R/F Increase CA absorp.
Decr. CA excretion
KD
Thiazide diuretics
Hyperparathyroidism/Hyperthyoidism
TX DC IV/PO Ca/Thiazide diuretics
Give PO4/Calciton/NSAIDS
HYPOCALCEMIA
S/S
R/F
TX
S/S Convulsions
Arrhythmias (diminished pulse)
Tetany
Spasms/stridor
Go Numb finger/face/limbs
+ Trousseus/Chvostek’s
R/F GI can’t absorb CA
KD
Diarrhea/Steatorrhea
Wound drainage
TX CA PO/IV
Aluminum hydroxide/Vit D
Sz precautions
Hypermagnesmia
S/S
R/F
TX
S/S decrease BP/HR/RR
decrease Bowel sounds
decrease Energy
decrease DTR
Shallow RR
R/F MG antacids/Lax (TUMS)
increased MG IV
decreased Renal Excretion MG
DKA
TX Diuretics
IV CA Gluconate
Hemodialysis
Avoid lax/antacids
Hypomagnesmia
S/S
R/F
TX
S/S Increased HR/BP/DTR
Shallow RR
Twitches/paresthesias
Tetany/Sz
Confusion/irritability
+Trousseau/chvastek
R/F Decreased MG intake
Malnutrition/v/d
Malabsorp.
Celiac/Chrons
Chronic Alcoholism
Diuretics
Hyperglycemia
Sepsis
TX MG IV/PO
SZ precaution
Hyperparathyroidism
CAUSE: Tumor parathyroid
CKD
S/S Stones (KD)
Bone pain/FX
Moans (n/v/abd pain)
Constipation
Weight loss/anorexia
Groans (irritability/confusion)
TX Parathyroidectomy
Administer Calcitonin/PO4
Increase fiber
Moderate calcium
Hypoparathyroidism
CAUSE: Accidental removal of parathyroid
Thyroid/parathyroidectomy
MG depletion
Radiation exposure
S/S Numb/tingling
Muscle cramps
Tetany
Hypotension
Anxiety/irritability/depression
+ Trousseau/Chvostek
TX IV CA
Increase CA
Decrease Phosphorus
Phosphorus binding drugs
Cushings
CAUSES: Female
Over use cortisol meds
Tumor Adrenal gland
S/S Moon face/Buffalo hump
Truncal obesity/Weight gain
Supraclavicular fat pads
Hirsutism
Muscle wasting
HTN
Increase BS/NA +
Decrease K+/CA+
TX Adrenalectomy
Lifelong Glucocorticoid
Avoid infection
Chemo for tumor
Addisons
CAUSES Removal of adrenal glands
Infected Adrenal glands
TB/bacterial infec.
S/S N/V/D
Anorexia/Fatigue/Confusion
Hypotension/Hypovolemia
Hyperpigmentation
Decrease BS/NA
Increase K
TX Glucocorticoid/Mineralocorticoid
High protein/carb diet
ADDISONS CRISIS
PROFOUND FATIGUE
DEHYDRATION/SHOCK
RENAL FAILURE
VASCULAR COLLAPSE
HYPONATREMIA
HYPERKALEMIA
TX: FLUID RESISUTATION
HYDROCORTISONE
SAIDH
CAUSES TB/pneumonia
Head injury/tumor
HIV
Thiazides
Nicotine
Antidiabetic
Antidepressents
S/S Low output/concentrated pee
FV overload/HTN/Tachy
Weight gain w/o edema
N/V
Hyponatremia
TX SZ precautions
Elevate HOB (venus return)
Loop Diuretics
Vasopressin antagonist
Restrict fluids
DI
CAUSES Head trauma/brain umor
Pituitary manipulation
Meningitis/TB/Encephalitis
Failure of renal tubes to respond to ADH
S/S Polyuria/dipsia
Dehydration/HA
Decreased skin turgor
Dry muscus membranes
Muscle pain/weakness
Postural hypotension/Tachy
TX Fluids
IV Hypotonic
PRESSIN drugs
Monitor I/O/DW
Dextromethorphan
Expectorant,
Therapeutic effect: to ease expelling secretions from the lower respiratory
tract and to produce a productive, less frequent cough
* Caution: asthma, bronchitis, HF, tobacco smoking
* Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting
* Adverse reactions: psychosis, tachycardia, seizures,
and respiratory depression.
Nasal beclomethasone
Intranasal glucocorticoids
* Use- are effective for treating allergic rhinitis because
they have anti-inflammatory action, thus decreasing the
allergic rhinitis symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and
congestion.
* Side effects: headache, nasal irritation, pharyngitis,
fatigue, candidiasis
Metered dose inhalers – use and care:
- place meds in mouthpiece
- shake before use
- remove cap from mouthpiece
- hold 1-2 inches from mouth
- breathe out/ push canister/ breathe in slowly
- hold breath then slowly exhale
- Wait 2 minutes then repeat
Iron
vital for hemoglobin regeneration
Give with Vit C
causes constipation
z track for IM
Glucocorticoids
Respiratory disorder
Use bronchodilator first
Rinse mouth to prevent thrush
S/E HA, confusion
Take with food
