Final

Question 1

What is technological determinism?

Answer 1

The theory that technology shapes society’s structures and cultural values

It often contrasts with the social construction of technology perspective.

Question 2

Define media.

Answer 2

The means of communication that reach large audiences, such as television, radio, and the internet.

Question 3

What is the difference between mass communication and point-to-point communication?

Answer 3

Mass communication targets a large audience simultaneously, while point-to-point communication is directed towards a specific individual or small group.

Question 4

What is a mass audience?

Answer 4

A large group of people who consume media content.

Question 5

What does the term ‘ratings’ refer to?

Answer 5

Measurements of the popularity of a television program or other media content.

Question 6

Define commodity audience.

Answer 6

An audience that is sold to advertisers as a product.

Question 7

What is fragmentation in the context of audience?

Answer 7

The division of audiences into smaller, more specific segments.

Question 8

What are upfront television ad markets?

Answer 8

Markets where advertisers purchase commercial time in advance for upcoming television programming.

Question 9

What are real-time advertising exchanges?

Answer 9

Platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of advertising space in real-time.

Question 10

Define segmentation.

Answer 10

The process of dividing a broad consumer or business market into sub-groups based on shared characteristics.

Question 11

What is digital communication?

Answer 11

The exchange of information via digital platforms and devices.

Question 12

What is media convergence?

Answer 12

The merging of traditional media with digital technology.

Question 13

What are browser cookies?

Answer 13

Small files stored on a user’s computer that track their online activity.

Question 14

What does consolidation of ownership refer to?

Answer 14

The trend of fewer companies owning larger shares of the media market.

Question 15

Define social media entertainment.

Answer 15

Content created and shared on social media platforms that is intended for entertainment purposes.

Question 16

What is the purpose of anti-trust law?

Answer 16

To promote competition and prevent monopolies in the marketplace.

Question 17

What is social sorting?

Answer 17

The categorization of individuals based on data and behavior.

Question 18

What does surveillance refer to in media?

Answer 18

The monitoring of individuals’ behavior and activities, often through digital means.

Question 19

Define organizational identity.

Answer 19

The self-concept of an organization, shaped by its values, culture, and mission.

Question 20

What is self-identity?

Answer 20

An individual’s perception of themselves, shaped by personal experiences and social interactions.

Question 21

What is algorithmic subjectivity?

Answer 21

The way algorithms influence and shape individual identities and experiences.

Question 22

What does SVOD stand for?

Answer 22

Subscription Video On Demand.

Question 23

Define linear television.

Answer 23

Television programming that is broadcast according to a schedule.

Question 24

What is audience flow?

Answer 24

The movement of viewers between programs and channels.

Question 25

What is scheduling in media?

Answer 25

The planning of when to broadcast specific content.

Question 26

What is a catalog/library in the context of media?

Answer 26

A collection of available media content for viewers to access.

Question 27

What is a recommendation algorithm?

Answer 27

A system that suggests content to users based on their preferences and behaviors.

Question 28

What are the types of interactivity?

Answer 28

User-to-user and user-to-system.

Question 29

What is proximity marketing?

Answer 29

A marketing strategy that targets consumers based on their geographic location.

Question 30

What is the difference between personalization and surveillance?

Answer 30

Personalization aims to tailor content to individual preferences, while surveillance involves monitoring user behavior.

Question 31

Define empathy in media.

Answer 31

The ability to understand and share the feelings of others through media content.

Question 32

What is mass culture?

Answer 32

Cultural products that are consumed by a large audience, often associated with the media industry.

Question 33

What is the hypodermic needle model?

Answer 33

A theory suggesting that media messages are directly injected into the audience's consciousness.

Question 34

What is the two-step flow model?

Answer 34

A communication theory that suggests media effects are mediated by opinion leaders.

Question 35

What was the Bobo doll experiment?

Answer 35

A study demonstrating the effects of television violence on children's behavior.

Question 36

Define cultural hegemony.

Answer 36

The dominance of one cultural group over others, shaping societal norms and values.

Question 37

What is content analysis?

Answer 37

A research method for systematically analyzing media content.

Question 38

What is the relationship between industry structure and lowest common denominator programming?

Answer 38

Industry structure influences the creation of content that appeals to the broadest audience possible.

Question 39

What is user-generated content?

Answer 39

Content created by users rather than professional content creators.

Question 40

What is Web 1.0?

Answer 40

The early phase of the internet characterized by static web pages and limited interactivity.

Question 41

What are Facebook's four selling points for marketers?

Answer 41

* Engagement * Relevance * Reach * Social context

Question 42

What is platformed sociality?

Answer 42

Social interactions that occur on digital platforms.

Question 43

What are the types of market segmentation?

Answer 43

* Geographic * Demographic * Behavioral * Psychographic

Question 44

Define personalization.

Answer 44

Tailoring content and experiences to individual users based on their preferences.

Question 45

What are the concerns about social media's impact on democracy?

Answer 45

Issues related to misinformation, polarization, and the influence of algorithms.

Question 46

What is the difference between advertising and direct marketing?

Answer 46

Advertising promotes products to a broad audience, while direct marketing targets specific individuals.

Question 47

What role do browser cookies play in online marketing?

Answer 47

They track user behavior to provide targeted advertising.

Question 48

What is addressable television?

Answer 48

A form of advertising that allows specific ads to be shown to targeted audiences.

Question 49

What are the unique attributes of streaming television?

Answer 49

* On-demand access * Audience surveillance * Global reach

Question 50

What is the impact of privacy concerns in the context of social sorting?

Answer 50

Concerns about how personal data is used to categorize individuals.

Question 51

What are the four areas of development for robots in personal relations?

Answer 51

How we got here, Turkle’s position on emphatic AI.

Question 52

What are short-term regulatory solutions for digital privacy?

Answer 52

* General Data Protection Regulations * Digital Services Act (EU)

Question 53

What is longtermism in relation to communication technologies?

Answer 53

A techno-utopian vision that emphasizes the long-term impact of communication technologies.