FINAL 1st Semester (definitions)

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

Science and reason, colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy

Question 2

Declaration of Independence

Answer 2

Enlightenment, natural rights

Question 3

Constitution

Answer 3

Creates a strong national government, supported by Federalists

Question 4

Anti-federalists

Answer 4

Feared the constitution was a threat to states’ rights

Question 5

The great compromise

Answer 5

US congress is divided by one house based on population and the other based on equal representation

Question 6

Bill of Rights

Answer 6

Federalists promised to add, to protect the rights of citizens

Question 7

Establishment Clause

Answer 7

Prohibits the government from establishing an official state religion

Question 8

Federal System

Answer 8

Power is divided between state and national governments

Question 9

Checks and Balances

Answer 9

The constitution limits the power of the federal government by each branch having power over the other

Question 10

Judicial Review

Answer 10

Under the leadership of John Marshall the Supreme Court established the power to determine the constitutionality of laws

Question 11

Industrialization

Answer 11

northern industries grew from demands of the civil war

Question 12

Monopoly

Answer 12

company has control over an industry by eliminating competitors

Question 13

Trusts

Answer 13

reduces competition in the late 180’s

Question 14

Sherman Antitrust:

Answer 14

outlawed trusts that interfered with free trade

Question 15

Vertical Integration

Answer 15

Carnegie Steel bought out producers and distributors

Question 16

Horizontal Integration

Answer 16

Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry by controlling 90% of the oil refineries

Question 17

Nativism

Answer 17

mistreat Catholics and other immigrants

Question 18

Americanization

Answer 18

goal of assimilating people of various cultures into the dominant (american) culture

Question 19

Political Machines

Answer 19

controlled the activities of political parties by gaining support from urban immigrants by providing essential services

Question 20

Tammany Hall

Answer 20

New York City Political Machine

Question 21

Progressives

Answer 21

protecting social welfare, economic reform, eliminate corruption, and making government more responsive to the people

Question 22

Settlement houses

Answer 22

founded by social reformers to help the urban poor

Question 23

Muckrackers

Answer 23

journalists willing to expose corruption in U.S. society

Question 24

The Jungle

Answer 24

published book that influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act

Question 25

Interstate Commerce Commission

Answer 25

power to regulate RxR rates

Question 26

Women's suffrage

Answer 26

Elizabeth Stanton & Susan B. Anthony promoted women's voting rights

Question 27

Tariffs

Answer 27

tax on imports to facilitate the growth of domestic industries

Question 28

16th Amendment

Answer 28

created income tax to replace revenue lost by lowering tariffs