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Final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Io

A

(best known as Priestess of Hera in the Heraeum)

  • Daughter of Melia (ash tree nymph) & Inachus (river god: flows through the Argive Plain)
  • Zeus lusted after her and raped her.
  • Hera was pissed and came to investigate
  • Zeus turns her into a cow
  • Hera, not deceived tied the cow to an olive tree protected by monster Argus [child of gia]
  • 100 eyes and never slept
  • Hermes (winged messenger god) is sent by Zeus to free Io, he dressed as a shepherd and sang a lullaby. Argus falls asleep. Hermes cuts his head off.
  • Hera placed Argus’ eyes in the tail of the peacock
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2
Q

Crime of the Danaïds

A

Aegyptus 50 sons, Danaüs 50 daughter.
* One brother wanted to marry his 50 sons to his brother’s 50 daughters
* 50 daughters kill all sons [except one]
* Hypermnestra spared her husband, Lynceus [spared virginity]
* Folktale motif of “all but one”
* Hypermnestra & Lynceus: Founders of the House of Argos

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3
Q

Heracles

(Greatest of Greek Heroes)

A

Parents (Zeus and Alcmena)]
* Zeus pretends to be Amphitryon and sleeps with Alcmena
* Alcmena also sleeps with the real Amphitryon
* Zeus and Alcmena
* * Hercules (greatest hero)
* Motif of all but one

Alcmena + Amphitryon fathers Iphicles (he is so humble)
* Heracles and Iphicles where besties
* - Youthful Deeds: Killed snakes as a kid.
* Amphitryon then knew who was who’s son.

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4
Q

Megara

A

Heraclis kills her and their kids due to madness
* Daughter of King of Thebes Creon
* He settles down with her and fathers 3 children
* Hera causes Heracles to go mad and he kills Megara and his children
* Theme: hero can be a danger to others and to himself

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5
Q

12 Labours of Heracles

A

Accomplished at Eurystheus’ command (guy hiding in bronze jar)
* After the murders, Heracles goes to Delphi for advice
* Oracle tells him to leave Thebes and go to Argive Plain
* Hercules becomes a slave to his cousin, Eurystheus and performs 12 Labours for achieve immortality

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6
Q

Nemean Lion

A

Heracles wears the lion’s pelt as a trademark of his image.

  • Using Brute strength, he broke its neck, and skinned in with its own claw.
  • We wore the skin around his shoulders and always carried the club he had cut at Nemea
    • Bringing the lion to Eurystheus: he was so scared, ordered Heraclis to never enter the city.
  • Also reason for why he hides in a bronze jar
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7
Q

Lernaean Hydra

A

lived in the swamps of Lerna. Its breath was death.
* Heracles’ nephew, Iolaus joined him.
* Cutting off a head = another took its place.
* Iolaus brought firebrands to cauterize the stump
* Heracles buries immortal head beneath a rock
* Deadly blood bile: Hydra blood is poison [kill the strongest man]
* Heracles dips arrows in it “Important later” (death of centaurs)

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8
Q

Cretan Bull

A

summoned from the sea by Minos to live on Crete.

Heracles tosses it to see and rides it back. Let it go and it wandered to plains of Marathon
* Eventually Theseus would kill it

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9
Q

Cattle of Geryon

A
  • Monster with three bodies joined at the waist
  • Herd of red cattle was watched over by Eurtion and his two-headed dog, Orthus
  • Hercules reaches the narrows where Mediterranean Sea opens to the Atlantic Ocean
  • Sets up pillars on either side
  • Cup of Helius: Helius admired his boldness for shooting an arrow at him
  • Gave him a cup which he uses to cros the waters to Erythia
  • Hercules kills Eurtion (herdsman) and Orthus (dog)
  • He transports the cattle using his cup
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10
Q

Apples of the Hesperides

A

Hera’s Golden tree with golden park

  • Ladon: Hundred-headed serpent sent by Hera to guard the tree
  • Prevent people from stealing apples
  • Nereus (shapeshifter): gives Heracles directions to the tree
    • Side quest (Theme escaping death): Busiris, Bu-Osiris (“the place of Osiris”)
  • Heracles sacrificing Busiris (and his sons) = overcoming Death
    • Prometheus: Heracles kills the eagle and sets Prometheus free
    • Atlas (hold up the sky): Heracles persuades atlas to get the apples
  • Heracles holds the sky while atlas gets the apples and tricks atlas to take it back after.
  • After getting the apples and presenting them to Eurystheus, he gives them to Athena
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11
Q

Deianira

A

“Man killer” LoL :
Heracles likes her but The river-god Acheloüs (presented as a bull) also wanted some.
They fight, breaks a horn = Heracles gets the girl

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12
Q

Death of Heracles

A
  • Centaur named Nessus: helps them cross a stream, tries to rape Deianira, Heracles shoots him with a poisoned arrow (Hydra blood).
  • Nessus tells Deianira to take his blood and semen (magic potion, “keep Heracles from ever being unfaithful again”)
  • Heracles, staying in Trachis, butt hurt, wants to marry Iole, so he takes her.
  • When Deianira found out about Iole, she rubs Centuar’s blood love potion on Hercules shirt which burns him terribly. Deianira stabbed herself in remorse
  • Zeus had warned Heracles** “no living man could kill him,**” died at hands of the dead.
  • Philoctetes: shepherd brave enough to light his funeral pyre and gets Hercules’s bow
  • important in the Trojan War. Hercules’ bow is one of the requirements to defeat the Trojans.
  • Heracles is raised into heaven, becomes a god and marries Hebe (youth)
  • Apotheosis = the process of being made a god
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13
Q

Theseus

A

Founded popular assembly (voting of matters of state)

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14
Q

Aethra

A

Mother of Theseus and daughter of Pittheus
* Pittheus “wise guy” knows what going down, gets Aegeus drunk sent him to his daughter Aethra (they bang), she had a dream (sacrifice on a nearby island), at the island Poseidon “Possess” her (sleeps with her too = Theseus is born)
* Father(s) Aegeus (mortal) and Poseidon (immortal)
* Aegeus ordered Aethra to raise Theseus in secret and places a pair of sandals under a large rock. He goes to his father (Aegeus) in Athens. Took the road regardless of danger (sailing was safer)
- Theme: Labours similar to Heracles 12

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15
Q

Bull at Marathon

A

Medea (sorceress who was with Aegeus), possessed Aegeus to send Theseus to fight the bull so Theses could die and her children could be the heir to Aegeus.
* The bull was wreaking havoc on the plain of Marathon
* Thesus defeated the bull and sacrificed it to Apollo

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16
Q

Minotaur (body of mad, head of bull) / Death of Aegeus

A

Theseus tells his father he will kill it
* Promised his father that if he were successful in overcoming the Minotaur, he’d change the **sails from black to white **before arriving. Forgets, his father sees a black sail, sad, throws himself from the cliff and dies in the Aegean Sea.

17
Q

Antiope & Amazonomachy

A

Thesesus abducts the Queen Antiope from the amazons
* When Antiope is bringing a gift to their boat they abduct her and sail home
* Amazons invade Attica as a result of the abduction of their queen. Camp on Acropolis
* Amazonomachy: Battle of the amazons.
* After initial setbacks Athenians defeat the Amazonians
* - Aeropagus “hill of Ares”: site of the oldest and most renowned law court in Athens

18
Q

Amazons

A

Descended from Ares and the nymph Harmonia. Followers of Artemis.
* Hated men, tolerated as slaves, and necessity of reproduction
* Cut off right breast for better draw bowstring and wield the spear
* Amazons defied their destiny as women and lived like males
* In myth, they’re the ultimate form of the “female hostility” motif (threat directed against all of society)
* Some say they constructed the Temple to Artemis at Ephesus
* After Athenians defeat the Persians, they dress in Persian clothing
* Theseus’s victory over the Amazons represented **Athens’ moral and political superiority over all challengers. **

19
Q

Hippolytus

A
  • (Son of Theseus and Antiope)
  • devotee of Artemis (like Amazons), doesn’t want to sleep with women
  • Raised by his grandfather, Pittheus (wise guy)
  • Hated women like his mother Antipope, who hated men
  • Denied his own sexual nature, and cared only for the hunt and the wilderness
20
Q

Phaedra

A
  • (woman who Thesesus leaves Antiope for):
  • Daughter of Minos and sister of his former mistress, Ariadnê
  • Unable to control her sexual desire, lusts after Hippolytus (her step-son)
  • Story told in Euripides’ play, Hippolytus (428 BCE)
  • *
21
Q

Euripides’ play

A
  • Aphrodite, in anger (because Hippolytus chose Artemis), injected sexual desires into Phaedra
  • Her nurse confesses her lust for Hippolytus, he rejects, Phaedra hangs herself.
  • Leaves a note pinned to her chest saying that she killed herself for shame after Hippolytus assaulted her. Thesesus sees the note, uses a** wish to curse Hippolytus, Poseidon spooks his horses,** he’s dragged to death.
  • Thesesus: sees the error after learning the truth from Artemis (goddess of hunt)
  • Euripides reverses audience expectations. Can’t hold back sexual desire as a man (hippolytus) therefore he is bad.
22
Q

Pirithoüs

A

Motif of the male companion. Equally matched heroes.
* King who wanted to test Theseus’s powers, raids his flocks but Theseus catches him. Pirithous becomes his slave and both swear eternal friendship instead of killing each other.
- Married a woman named Hippodamia and invited Centaurs.
* Centaurs go crazy and tried to rape Hippodamia
* Centauromachy: battle between civilization and barbarism (greek and the foreigner)
- Exploits of Theseus and Pirithoüs: only daughters of Zeus could satisfy them. HAHA!
* Both looked for new wifes and abducted Zeus’s daughter Helen and left her with Theses’s mother.
* Pirithous wanted Persophone (daughter of Demeter, wife to Hades) and they traveled to the underworld. Get stuck onto Hades’s chairs but Hercules saves Theseus but leaves behind Pirithous.
* After leaving the underworld, Athens was in turmoil. Castor and Polydeuces, Helen’s brothers, had come and taken her back, along with Theseus’ mother, Aethra
* Menestheus had taken over the city, calling Theseus a tyrant

23
Q

Death of Theseus

A

He Flees to Scyros for sanctuary and gets pushed off a cliff by the King of Scyros, who was jealous of his power.
* Theseus does not die gloriously as a hero should, but shamefully and by treachery. (same same as his dad)

24
Q

Europa and the Bull

A

Zeus came to Europa as a bull, she is not “unwilling”, they had several children
Childrens names: Minos, Sarpedon, Rhadamanthys
Talus: bronze robot that runs around the island protecting it. Throws rocks.

25
Q

Minos

“wicked king”

A
  • Drives out his two brother
  • After Asterius (step-father) dies Minos claims kingship. He asked to be sent a bull as a sign of his election that he was supposed to sacrifice. The bull rose from the sea but when he saw it it was too beautiful to sacrifice and sacrifices another in its place.
  • Minos marries Pasiphae (daughter of Helius) who bores him Ariadne
26
Q

Death of Minos

A

Death of Minos: Cocalus invites Minos over and his daughter burns him in hot water or pitch (beaks xenia)

27
Q

Pasiphaë

A

Posiedon, angry that Minos didn’t sacrifice the right bull, causes Pasiphaë to fall in love with the bull that Minos was supposed to sacrifice.
Pasiphaë hires Daedalus to craft a hollow wooden cow. Furry time!!
bull mounts the wooden cow and impregnates Pasiphaë. Out pops the minotaur

28
Q

Minotaur

A

(man eating monster with a head of a bull and the body of a man)
* Minos, so ashamed, forces Daedalus (he who made the wooden cow) to make a labyrinth. The place the Minotaur lives out the rest of its life. Every 9 years 7 women 7 men are sent to be devoured by the minotaur.
* Theseus, instructed by Ariadne (Minos’s Daughter) (who fell in love with him) kills the minotaur. Using a spool of thread to find his way out of the Labyrinth.

29
Q

Ariadne

A

after slaying the minotaur they flee in a ship to the island of Naxos
Theseus, disgusted, abandons her. Dionysus saves and marries her

30
Q

Daedalus

A

the greatest craftsman of all time
* Creations: hollow cow, Labyrinth, and wings of bird feathers to fly.
* - Icarus (Daedalus’s son): They are both thrown in the tower of the Labyrinth.
* Daedalus makes wings out of wax and feathers so they can fly out, Icarus flies too close to the sun and the wax melts and he dies.
* Moral is “nothing too much”

31
Q

Bull at Marathon

A
  • King Aegeus orders Androgeus (Son of Minos) to fight a bull from Marathon.
  • Same bull that impregnated Pasiphae
  • Hercules transported that bull to the mainland.
  • The bull kills Androgeüs
32
Q

Cretan myth and history/archaeology

A
  • Crete: at intersection of trading routes from all directions (Egypt, Cyprus, Phoenicia, etc.,)
  • Melting pot of religion, myth, and legends
  • Home of the Minoan peoples (Cretan elites): ends abruptly (1450 BCE) and taken over by the Mycenean Greeks afterwards (their culture took over).
  • Worshiped a mother-goddess “bare-breasted woman holding serpents”
  • Ariadnê, meaning “the very holy one” might be linked to the goddess
  • Bull = central to culture, featured in art and rituals. Connection to the story of Minotaur?
  • Double Ax = often featured, killed the bull. Called labrys
  • Thus, Labyrinth = “place of the double ax”
  • Women seen as lustful, overly passionate, betraying families, (stereotypical of any non-Athenian cultures
  • Cretan myths follows a folktale pattern and patterns of male initiation into adulthood.
    *
33
Q

Arthur Evans

A

Arthur Evans: 1899, started archaeological discovery of Crete.
Discovered ancient ruins of Cnossus, created term Minoan after legendary Minos
Archaeological evidence suggests Minoans were a vigorous, pleasure-loving, seafaring people without enemies.

34
Q

Ephebes

A

on the verge of adulthood” (theseus is there protector)
* In Athens, Undergo a time of stringent testing between the ages of 18 and 20, after which they were admitted to full citizenship

35
Q

Daedalus

A

Cretan myth and famous buildings are attributed to him) counterpart of Hephaestus (greek myth)

Monday (9 decks)

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