Final 2

Question 1

Shh allows sox

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

Shh blocks Pea3 and erm

Answer 2

Scleraxis (tendon)

Question 3

Somite skeleton component

Answer 3

Vertebrae

Question 4

Lateral plate mesoderm skeleton component

Answer 4

Limb bones

Question 5

Neural crest cells skeleton component

Answer 5

Brachial arch, cranial facial bones

Question 6

Factors needed for kidney development

Answer 6

Wnt and GDNF

Question 7

Types of mesoderm

Answer 7

Lateral plate mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Chrodomesoderm

Question 8

Lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 8

Circulatory system

Body cavity

Question 9

Paraxial mesoderm

Answer 9

Head and somite

Question 10

Chorodomesoderm

Answer 10

Notochord

Question 11

Intermediate mesoderm

Answer 11

Kidney and gonads

Question 12

What specifies mesoderm

Answer 12

Amount of BMP

Question 13

What forms the border of the somite

Answer 13

Notch

Question 14

Epithelialization

Answer 14

Forming an outer layer of epithelial cells to hold mesenchymal cells in (tight junctions, n-cadherin)

Question 15

What direction does epithelialization happen in

Answer 15

Posterior from anterior

Question 16

What is in charge of somite specification

Answer 16

Hox genes

Question 17

How are somites determined

Answer 17

Messages from roof (wnt), floor (shh), ectoderm (bmp), sides (fgf)

Question 18

Factor during division

Answer 18

FGF

Question 19

Where does the kidney come from

Answer 19

Intermediate mesoderm, metanephrogenic mesenchyme

Question 20

What does cranial neural crest become

Answer 20

• Facial cartilage and bone
• Cranial neurons
• Glia
• Connective tissue

Question 21

What forms from cranial NC entering pharangeal arches

Answer 21

• thymic cells
• odontoblasts
• bones of middle ear and jaw

Question 22

Cranial NC in facial development

Answer 22

Skeletal elements (face, hyoid)
Cartilage elements (trachea)
Inner ear bones
Cranial nerves

Question 23

What do cardiac neural crest form

Answer 23

endothelial lining, septum in between pulmonary artery and aorta (contribute to thyroid, parathyroid and thymus)

Question 24

Trunk neural crest

Answer 24

Ventrolateral- somite

Dorsolateral -melanocytes

Question 25

Vagal and sacral

Answer 25

Parasympathetic (enteric) ganglia of the gut

Question 26

What does somatic become

Answer 26

Body wall

Question 27

What does splanchnic become

Answer 27

Parts of the heart

Question 28

What is in all places where there is not cardiogenic mesoderm

Answer 28

Hemangiogenic mesoderm

Question 29

Where does cardiogenic mesoderm form

Answer 29

Anterior

Question 30

What is the heart field

Answer 30

Where cardiogenic mesoderm is found

Question 31

How many tubes are formed at first for the heart

Answer 31

2

Question 32

How is cardiogenic mesoderm formed

Answer 32

FGF8 promotes cardiogenic mesoderm, no wnt (cardiogenic), wnt (hemagiogenic)

Question 33

What does noggin block

Answer 33

BMP (cardiogenic mesoderm only in BMP area)

Question 34

Wnt present

Answer 34

Hemagiogenic mesoderm

Question 35

Wnt not present

Answer 35

Cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 36

FGF8 present

Answer 36

Cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 37

Vessel formation

Answer 37

Mesenchymal cells condense (blood islands), epithelialization around it

Question 38

Cells involved in vessel formation

Answer 38

Hemangioblasts

Question 39

What happens if there is no VEGF

Answer 39

No blood vessels

Question 40

Preeclampsia

Answer 40

No receptor for VEGF or no signal for VEGF, cells become dysfunctional and person will start to bleed. Vasoconstriction

Question 41

Where do blood cells come from

Answer 41

Hematopoetic stem cells

Question 42

Locations of blood cell production in embryo

Answer 42

Blood islands Splanchnic lateral mesoderm surrounding aorta Yolk sac

Question 43

Locations of blood cell production in the fetus

Answer 43

Liver and then red bone marrow

Question 44

Locations of blood cell production in child

Answer 44

Red bone marrow