Final

Question 1

The action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance) is known as

Answer 1

Pressure

Question 2

Recommended pressure is whatever pressure is necessary to overcome initial vascular resistance and distribute embalming solution to all areas of the body is known as

Answer 2

Ideal Pressure

Question 3

How is pressure measured?

Answer 3

Pounds per Square Inch (PSI)

Question 4

The speed at which fluid is injected is known as

Answer 4

Rate of flow

Question 5

Rate of flow is measured in

Answer 5

Ounces Per Minute (OPM)

Question 6

The _____ is controlled by a valve on the embalming machine which controls the flow of fluid much like a water faucet

Answer 6

Rate of Flow

Question 7

That which will ensure uniform distribution without causing (promoting) over distention or adverse color change is known as

Answer 7

Ideal Rate of Flow

Question 8

The method of creating pressure that consist of a glass bottle (percolator), rubber tubing and a device to suspend the bottle above the point of injection is known as the

Answer 8

Gravity Injector method

Question 9

Pressure is increased .___ pounds (approximately ½) for every foot of elevation above the point of injection 1 pound of pressure= __ inches

Answer 9

.43, 28

Question 10

The method of creating pressure that consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle that can also be used for aspiration is known as the

Answer 10

Hand pump

Question 11

The method of creating pressure that is the simplest form of injection apparatus, consists of a bulb type rubber syringe and rubber tubing is known as the

Answer 11

Bulb Syringe

Question 12

The most commonly used method of creating injection pressure that has two common types, ____ where fluid is injected in spurts and ____ where fluid is injected on a continuous basis is known as the ___

Answer 12

Pulsating, Non- Pulsating, Motorized Force Pump (centrifugal)

Question 13

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off is known as

Answer 13

Potential Pressure

Question 14

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body is known as

Answer 14

Actual Pressure

Question 15

The difference between potential and actual pressure is known as

Answer 15

Differential Pressure

Question 16

The following or both adavantages and disadvantages for the ___
• Reliable, Wide Pressure Range: some as high as 200 pounds, Constant pressure

• Needs frequent servicing, Requires constant attention of the operator

Answer 16

Force Pump

Question 17

Intravascular/ Extravascular influence that deals with normal vs. sclerotic is

Answer 17

Conditions of the vessels

Question 18

Intravascular/ Extravascular influence that deals with pressing mainly on the descending aorta is the

Answer 18

Weight of the viscera

Question 19

Intravascular/ Extravascular influence that deals with pressure against the descending aorta is

Answer 19

Gas in the viscera

Question 20

Intravascular/ Extravascular influence that deals with pressing against the outside of the arteries is

Answer 20

Tumors

Question 21

Extravascular influence that deals with the excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as

Answer 21

Ascites

Question 22

Extravascular influence that deals with bandages, clothing, etc. Also contact with certain areas of the body with the embalming table and positioning devices is known as

Answer 22

Contact pressure

Question 23

Extravascular influence that deals with “anisarca” generalized edema spread throughout the body is known as

Answer 23

Edema of the extremities

Question 24

The time between death and embalming is known as

Answer 24

Postmortem interval

Question 25

The postmortem interval that is the postmortem chemical change, change in bodies pH following death 7-5 is

Answer 25

Presence of rigor mortis

Question 26

The postmortem interval that is the breakdown of compounds is

Answer 26

State of decomposition

Question 27

The postmortem interval that often known as livor mortis found on the back is

Answer 27

Discolorations

Question 28

The postmortem interval that is intravascular vs. extravascular permanent vs. non-permanent is known as

Answer 28

Livor mortis vs. Cadaveric lividity

Question 29

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine, this is determined by embalming analysis and prepared by the embalmer to determine the strength of a ____ the following formula may be employed ____

Answer 29

Primary Dilution, CxV= C'xV'

Question 30

The variable that is the strength of the concentrated fluid (index) is

Answer 30

C

Question 31

The variable that is the amount of the concentrated fluid is

Answer 31

V

Question 32

The variable that is the strength of the diluted fluid is

Answer 32

C'

Question 33

The variable that is the amount of the diluted fluid is

Answer 33

V'

Question 34

Minimum strength in Texas is ___, 1 gallon of solution is equal to ___ ounces, recommended to inject ___ gallon of diluted fluid for every ___ pounds of body weight, in Texas it’s law

Answer 34

1% 128 oz 1 gal 50 lbs

Question 35

The weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial (tissue fluid) is known as

Answer 35

Secondary dilution

Question 36

Any form of ___ will any increase the amount of secondary dilution because it is excess tissue fluid

Answer 36

Edema

Question 37

A body that has less than normal amounts of moisture and tissue present, any case of ____ will always decrease the amount of secondary dilution (use a lower index)

Answer 37

Dehydration

Question 38

The movement of embalming (arterial) dilution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is known as

Answer 38

Fluid distribution

Question 39

One of the factors arterial embalming is based on is the  ___ formed by formaldehyde formed by proteins such as muscle more so that of skeletal between the striations, bonds form quicker with ___ index fluids

Answer 39

Temporary bonds, higher

Question 40

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached is known as

Answer 40

Fluid diffusion

Question 41

The positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to mix with the interstitial fluids, movement from an intravascular to an extravascular position is known as

Answer 41

Pressure filtration

Question 42

The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Process by which most embalming chemicals move from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall and into the cell

Answer 42

Osmosis

Question 43

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is known as

Answer 43

Dialysis

Question 44

The extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the lowest or dependent areas of the body is known as

Answer 44

Gravitation filtration

Question 45

The following are sign of __  Distention of superficial vessels  Large volume of blood damage  Dye tracing  Loss of elasticity of tissue (firming)  Drying of tissues  Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration  Tissue distention: seen in the lip and fingertips  Bleaching of tissues

Answer 45

Fluid Distribution and Diffusion

Question 46

The following are methods of improving ___  Increase rate of flow  Increase injection pressure  Massage the body  Lower the arms  Restrict the drainage (this will increase the intravascular pressure

Answer 46

Fluid Distribution

Question 47

A solution having lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared, a ____ will move toward the more concentration solution (try to create a state of equilibrium/ balance between the two)

Answer 47

Hypotonic Solution

Question 48

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that which it is compared, tends to be no movement, since the two solutions are already in a state of equilibrium/ balance is an

Answer 48

Isotonic Solution

Question 49

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. Will not move; instead the other solution will move toward it to create equilibrium/ balance is a

Answer 49

Hypertonic Solution

Question 50

The shrinkage of red blood cell when place in a hypertonic solution is

Answer 50

Crenation