Final

Question 0

Bacteriaphages

Answer 0

Viruses that infect bacterria

Question 1

Kingdoms

Answer 1

Bacteria
Archae
Protists
plants
animals
Fungi

Question 2

Virus structure

Answer 2

small
have a capsid (protective covering
some are surrounded by an envelope
has nucleic acid in the inside

Question 3

What is a virulent?

Answer 3

virus with which only destroys the cell doesn’t have a dormant stage

Question 4

What are the 5 steps in lytic viral reproduction?

Answer 4

Attachment
Penetration
Replication and synthesis
Assembly
release

Question 5

What is lysogenic conversion?

Answer 5

It is when when bacterial cells containing certain temperate viruses may exhibit new properties (pg. 506)

Question 6

Viroid

Answer 6

smaller than a virus and is a naked strand of RNA that infects

Question 7

What is a prion?

Answer 7

infectous agent that consist only of protein

Question 8

What are plasmids and what do tey code for?

Answer 8

small fragments of DNA

they can code for catabolic enzymes, genetic enzymes. and for resistance to antibiotics

Question 9

What are endospores?

Answer 9

bacteria form them

they are dormant, extremely durable cells

Question 10

What is another name for a decomposer?

Answer 10

saprophyte

Question 11

What has to happen for a population to be at genetic equilibrium?

Answer 11

the allele and genotype frequencies do not change from generation to generation

Question 12

hat is ene pools?

Answer 12

all the alleles for all the loci present in the population

Question 13

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 13

asexually ususally by binary fission (process in which one cell divides into 2 similar cells)
sometimes by budding or fragmentation

Question 14

What is a foraminifera?

Answer 14

marine protist that produces a shell that encloses an amoeboid body

Question 15

What is dinoflagellates?

Answer 15

a unicellular protist with two flagella

important part of plankton

Question 16

What are fungal cell walls composed of?

Answer 16

complex carbs
chitin
polymer made of subunits of nitrogen-containing sugar

Question 17

Why are ascomycetes sometimes referred to as sac fungi?

Answer 17

their sexual spores are produced in microscopic sacs called asci

Question 18

What 2 organisms make up lichen?

Answer 18

fungus

photoautotroph

Question 19

What is the male structure called in haploid gametophytes? Female?

Answer 19

antheridia

archegonia

Question 20

What do scientist claim plants needed to become land plants?

Answer 20

needed to be anatomical, physiological, and needed reproductive adaptations
needed waxy cuticle and stomata

Question 21

Monocot

Answer 21

flowering plant

monocot seeds contain a single cotyledon

Question 22

Dicot

Answer 22

flowering plant
dicot seeds contain two cotyledons
pictures on pg. 590

Question 23

what does the ectoderm give rise to?

Answer 23

skin and nervous systemm

Question 24

What does endoderm give rise to?

Answer 24

lining of digestive system

Question 25

What does the mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 25

most body organs

Question 26

What is the anticoagulant leeches use?

Answer 26

hirudin

Question 27

List the 4 subphylum of artopods. List examples

Answer 27

Myriapoda- centipedes, millipedes Chelicerata- horshoe crab, spider, ticks, mites Crustacea- lobsters, pill bugs, barnacles, shrimp hexapoda- bugs

Question 28

List 3 characteristics of amphibians

Answer 28

use moist skin as well as lungs for gas exchange mucous glands in skin 3-chambered heart

Question 29

List 4 characteristics of birds

Answer 29

jawbones with teeth long reptilian tail with feathers 3-claw bearing digits (wings) have a furcula (wishbone)

Question 30

What is another term for mammals who lay eggs?

Answer 30

monotremes

Question 31

What is natality?

Answer 31

average per birth capita

Question 32

Total fertility rate

Answer 32

the average number of children born to a women during her lifetime

Question 33

Biome

Answer 33

large, relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by a similar climate, soil, plants, animals, regardless of where it is on earth

Question 34

What is succession?

Answer 34

the process of community development over time which involves species in one stage being replaced by a different species

Question 35

What are the two types of succession? Define.

Answer 35

primary succession-no previous organisms inhabited the area | secondary succession- change in species composition after some major disturbance upsets the environment

Question 36

What are typical pioneer species?

Answer 36

most the time hardy plants with long roots, root nodes with nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 37

Chemosynthesis

Answer 37

using chemicals such as sulfur to make energy

Question 38

What is the phylum for roundworms?

Answer 38

nemaatodes

Question 39

What are 4 parasitic nematodes?

Answer 39

Ascaris hookworms trichina worms pinworms

Question 40

When do you have a J-shaped growth curve?

Answer 40

when optimal conditions allow a constant per capita growth rate

Question 41

Microevolution

Answer 41

generation-to-generation changes

Question 42

What is temporal isolation?

Answer 42

when genetic exchange between 2 groups is prevented because they reproduce at different times of the day, season, , or year

Question 43

What is behavioral isolation?

Answer 43

isolation in breeding that results from animal species exchanging a distinct series of signals before mating

Question 44

What is habitat isolation?

Answer 44

isolation that results from similar species breeding in different habitats

Question 45

What is mechanical isolation?

Answer 45

structural differences that keeps some species from breeding wit one another

Question 46

What is gametic isolation?

Answer 46

it is when molecular and chemical differences keep species from mating

Question 47

Whatt are 6 characteristics of mammals?

Answer 47

``` hair mammary glands differentiated teeth 3 middle-ear bones highly developed nervous system and muscular diaphragm are endotherms ```

Question 48

What do scientist consider anthropoidae?

Answer 48

monkeys apes humans

Question 49

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state?

Answer 49

the mathematical prediction that allele frequencies do not change from generation to generation in a large population in the absence of microevolutionary processes

Question 50

Who invented the modern system of classifying animals?

Answer 50

Carl Linnaeus

Question 51

What are diatoms used for?

Answer 51

Filtering and insulating

Question 52

Hyphae

Answer 52

Long, branched, threadlike filaments in fungi used to infiltrate food sources

Question 53

Mycelium

Answer 53

When hyphae grow into a tangled mess (mold)

Question 54

Fruiting bodies

Answer 54

Aerial hyphae of some fungi produce spores in large, complex reproductive structures

Question 55

What is the most common type of fungi found in lichen?

Answer 55

Ascomycete

Question 56

Asci

Answer 56

Microscopic sacs that make sexual spores for fungi

Question 57

What are basidia?

Answer 57

Club shaped structure in basidiomycetes that serve the same purpose asci serve in ascomycetes

Question 58

What type of plant uses gemmae?

Answer 58

Liverwort

Question 59

What are conidiophores?

Answer 59

Specialized hyphae that produce asexual spores called conidia

Question 60

What are parapodia? What creatures have them?

Answer 60

Paddle shaped appendages that function in gas exchange and locomotion Marine worms

Question 61

What does the mantle in bivalves do?

Answer 61

Makes mother-of-pearl