FINAL

Question 1

Interviewing

- example

Answer 1

Basic process for gathering information, problem solving and advice giving. Usually short-term with only one or two sessions
- ethical coaching- focuses on living more fully and effectively. Work to empower individuals

Question 2

3 phases

Answer 2

interviewing, counseling, psychotherapy

Question 3

Counseling

Answer 3

A more intensive and personal process. Generally concerned with helping people cope with normal problems and opportunities.

Question 4

Psychotherapy

Answer 4

A more intense process focusing on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties

Question 5

Microskills hierarchy (9)

Answer 5

• The successive steps of intentional interviewing
  1. Attending behavior-culturally and individually appropriate visual eye contact, vocals, verbal tracking, body language
  2. Open and closed questions
  3. Client observation skills
  4. Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
  5. The five-stage interview structure: relationship, story and strengths, goals, restory, action
  6. Confrontation
  7. Reflection of meaning and interpretation/reframe
  8. Influencing skills and strategics- feedback and self-disclosure, lgocail consequences psychoeducation
  9. Skill intergration- sequencing skills in different theories

Question 6

Intentionality

• avoid
• intentionality in culture

Answer 6

acting with a sense of capability and deciding from among a range of alternative actions, thoughts, and behaviors in responding to changing life situations (choosing words on purpose)

• not finding one correct response. It is about finding how many potential responses may be helpful. Approach problem from multiple vantage points
• avoid perfect solutions, jumping to the right response too soon
• Adapt your type to suit diff culture; avoid stereotyping

Question 7

Intentional competence -4

Answer 7

Requires natural style, self understanding, continued growth and development, and artistic abilities

Question 8

Theory and Microskills

-skills in all theories/skill that differs

Answer 8

Emphasis on skills rather than theories. Interviewing and counseling informed by more than 250 theories. Through micro skills you can understand and practice multiple theoretical approaches (meta-anaylisi). Microskills lay the ground work for developing competence in many diff theories ranging form person centers to CBT.
- All require basic listening and attending skills but influencing skills are different from theory to theory
Microskills can be viewed as an integrative theory in their own right

Question 9

The narrative model of Intentional interviewing and counseling -4

Answer 9

1. Story- listening for strengths and and assets; understand clients issues and personal power to form positive strength based foundation for change
2. Positive asset search
3. Re-story- developing client stories in new directions. Generate new ways to talk about themselves. The new story develops new perspective and often makes action and change possible
4. Action

Question 10

The basics of listening- Attending behavior (4)

Answer 10

1. Visual eye contact
2. Vocal qualties- indicates how clearly you feel about another person
3. Verbal tracking- stick with client’s story; be careful of selective attention
4. Body language - should be attentive and authentic

Question 11

Intentional non-attention -6

- use when? -3

Answer 11

1. Failure to maintain eye contact
2. subtle shifts in body posture
3. vocal tone and quality
4. deliberate jumpts to other and more positive subjects
5. Silence
6. emphasizing different words; leads ppl towards certain topics
   - use when client: insists on the same subject over and over, gives detailed descriptions of why __is wrong, only wants to discuss negative subjects.

Question 12

The value of questions -5

Answer 12

1. systematic framework for directing the interview
2. Begins and moves interview along
3. Opens up new ares for discussion
4. Pinpoints and clarifies new issues
5. Aids in client exploration

Question 13

Types of questions

- advantages and disadvantages

Answer 13

1. Open- what how why or could? requires more than one word answers. Allows you to learn the story first.
2. Closed- Who, when, where is, are, or do? quick and don’t require story. Help you obtain important specifics. Can bring out specific facts but can sometimes end in leading the client. (trying to diagnose problem too early)

Question 14

Eight major issues around questions

Answer 14

1. Questions help begin the interview
2. Open questions help elaborate and enrich the client’s story
3. Questions bring out contrite specifics of the clients world
4. Questions are critical in assessment
5. the first word of certain open questions partially determines what the client will say next
6. Question have potential problems
7. In cross cultural situations, questions can promote distrust
8. Questions can be used to help clients search for positive assists, strengths

Question 15

1. Questions hep begin the interview
   - use
   - non talkative client

Answer 15

Verbal clients, comfortable relationships and open questions facilitate free discussion.

• Use “What would you like to talk about”
• Non talkative clients may require a less direct approach; use commonalities between you and the client (the weather, a current event, a positive aspect from last session)

Question 16

2. Open questions help elaborate and enrich the client’s story
   - open questions can?
   - 10 examples

Answer 16

An open question about clients earlier topic may restart an interview and keep it going

1. could you tell me more about that?
2. how did you feel when that happened?
3. What would be your ideal solution?
4. What might we have missed so far?
5. What else’s comes to your mind?
6. What does this MEAN to you?
7. what SENSE do you make of it?
8. What is IMPORTANT to you?
9. Which of your values support/oppose that action/thought/feelings
10. How have your VALUES been implemented?

Question 17

3. Questions help bring out concretes specifics of the client’s world
   - most useful open question available
   - 4 examples

Answer 17

specific details provide data for action. Aim for concreteness and specifics

1. could you give me a specific example**
2. what specifically brings out your anger
3. what do you mean by “makes me so mad” what does that look like?
4. could you specific what you do before and after?

Question 18

4. Questions are critical in assessment

- 5 examples

Answer 18

• questions are that basis of effective problem diagnosis and assessment
  Who?- who is the client. who else may be involved
  Why?- why does the problem occur, for what reasons
  What else?- what is the clients personal background, problem. What is happening? What are the specific details of the situation?
  When? - does the problem occur? when did it begin? what immediately preceded the occurrence of the problem?
  Where?- where does the problem occur? in what environments?

Question 19

5. First words of certain open questions partially determines what the client will say next
   - 4 examples

Answer 19

What?- elicits facts and information
How?- elicits processes and feelings
Why? - elcitts reasons
Could? general framings or summary (could questions reflect less command than others; softens the why and gives clients more room to respond

Question 20

6. Potential problems with questions

- 4 examples

Answer 20

1. Bombardment/grilling- too many questions can put clients on the offensive and can give too much control to the interviewer; takes focus off the client
2. Multiple questions- may confuse the client
3. Questions as statements- intruding you point of view (don’t you think..?)
4. Why questions may recall guilt and anger- may recall guilt and anger; these questions lack empathy and show little respect for the client and show no positive regard

Question 21

7. Cross-cultrual situations, questions can promote distrust (2)

Answer 21

1. rapid-fire North American questioning style

2. extreme questioning can produce mistrust

Question 22

8. Questions can be used to help clients search for positive assets and strengths
   - two ways

Answer 22

1. do a personal strength inventory- identify some of the positive experiences and strengths that you have now or have had in the past
2. Search for times when the problem doesn’t occur is often useful

Question 23

Using questions with less verbal clients

• 3 tips
• sequence

Answer 23

Shifts focus from problems and negative topics. Centers the client around personal strengths. Helps client feel better about themselves. Builds foundation for identifying positive options and actions.
1. Build trust at the client’s pace- possible discuss multicultural differences openly
2. Accept some randomness- may take some time to get full story. May help to first self-disclose
3. Search for concrete specifics- focus on concrete events and avoid evaluation and opinion (what happened first) (what did you say or do?) (what did you feel when this happened)
linear sequence of story->observable actions
->emotions

Question 24

Observations

- 5 to look for

Answer 24

1. Eye contact/ pupil dilation
2. Flushing/ pale
3. Breathing speed/stops
4. (in)appropriate response to topics
5. Loosening/tightening of facial muscles

Question 25

Body language | - 3 types

Answer 25

1. Movement synchrony - mirroring each other's body language 2. Movement complemntarity - paired movements that may not be identical but harmonious (talking and nodding) 3. Movement dissynchrony - watch for when clients suddenly change body posture. nonverbal behaviors can indicate mixed feelings.

Question 26

``` verbal behavior (listen for?) - 5 ```

Answer 26

listen for: 1. selective attention- client's tend to talk about what counselor wants to hear. 2. "I" and "other" statements-shows clients ownership and responsibility for issues 3. key words, repeated phrases- using client's key words facilitates your understanding and communication with them. 4. verbal underlining through vocal emphasis may help you determine what is most important to client- they stress single words that are most important to them 5. Topic repetition or changes- verbal tracking; staying on single topic with exclusion of other important issues. avoid talking about a certain issue. Try and observe topic changes.

Question 27

Concrete vs. abstractness | - abstraction ladder

Answer 27

1. Concrete/situational- clients provide specifics and examples; facts and details. May have trouble reflecting on themselves and their situations. (some adults, most children) 2. Abstract/formal operational- clients use self analysis and reflection. May be hard to get specifics and concrete examples of the story. (many adults, rarely children) - Concrete on bottom and abstract on top

Question 28

Internal client discrepancies -4

Answer 28

1. discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors- describing a trivial event and crying 2. discrepancies In verbal statements- sentence with two contradictory ideas "My son is perfect but he just doesnt get me" 3. Discrepancies between what one says and does 4. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior- many will make small physical movements away from the interviewer when they are confronted with a troubling issue - lint picking, nose wipes to show discomfort or feelings of vulnerability

Question 29

Client/counselor discrepancies - 4

Answer 29

A conflict in values or goals, ethnic or cultural experiences, gender and age, learning and personality styles

Question 30

Encouraging

Answer 30

includes head nods, open gestures, and positive facial expressions that encourage the client to keep talking. Minimal verbal utterances such as Ummm have same effect. Silence with appropriate non-verbal behavior may be another type of encourager. Restatements and repetition of clients key words.

Question 31

Four dimensions of paraphrasing - 4

Answer 31

1. Choose a sentence stem 2. Use other's key words and main ideas 3. Briefly state essence of other's talk 4. Check for accuracy- "did i hear that right"?

Question 32

1. choose a sentence stem | - example

Answer 32

Optional; choose appropriate times to call the client by name or use a sentence stem: "Bill, I hear you saying..." "Joan sounds like"...

Question 33

2. Use other's key words

Answer 33

Use client's main ideas, use exact words used by the client (restatement), cover only limited amounts of material.

Question 34

3. Briefly state essence of other's talk

Answer 34

State the essence of "client talk" in summary form; be succinct, meaningful, clarifying. Stay true to client's ideas but don't repeat them exactly.

Question 35

4. Check for accuracy | - examples

Answer 35

Breif question at the end of paraphrase. Imply check-out by raising your voice tone at the end of a sentence. Ask for feedback on the accuracy and usefulness of your paraphrase. - am i hearing you correctly? is that close? have i got that right?