Final Flashcards by Paul ford

List some characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata

1) Radial Symmetry
2) mesodermal Endoskeleton
3) Water vascular system
4) Deuterostomes
5) Oral and aboral axis
- no head region
- external fertilatization
- incredible regeneration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List Chordate affinities

1) indeterminate cleavage
2) deuterostomes
3) enterocoelous coelom
4) mesodermal endoskeleton
5) larvae indicate ancestors were bilateral symmetrical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Asteroidea

1) arms not divided
2) ambulacral groove
3) pedicellariae
- pentamorus
- rocky coasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Ophiuroidea

1) Arms divided
2) Ambulacral grooves are covered
3) mouth with 5 teeth
- pentamorus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Echinoidea

1) without arms
2) spines
3) Aristotle’s lantern
- globular in shape
- compact skeleton
- tube feet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Holothuroidea

1) Veriform - worm like
2) without arms
3) without spines
4) anus present
5) Leathery
- tube feet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Crinoidea

1) body on aboral stalk
2) mouth and anus directed up
3) tentacle-like tube feet
- water vascular system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Evisceration

Expulsion of internal organs in sea cucumbers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Luidia alternata?

Banded sea star

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Phylum Chaetognatha

1) Unsegmented - bilateral symmetry
2) paired fins
3) Planktonic predator
- head - trunk - tail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a lophophore?

a food collecting organ that encircles the mouth with numerous ciliated tentacles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 Lophophorate Phyla?

Phylum Branchiopoda - lamp shells

Phylum Bryozoa - moss animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are protochordates and what are the 2 Phyla?

Chordates without a backbone

1) Phylum Urochordata
2) Phylum Cephalochordata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are 2 Classes in Phylum Hemichordata?

Class Enteropneusta
- ability to take water into the mouth without swallowing
Class Pterobranchia
- food is collected by cilia on tentacles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the characteristics of Phylum Chordata

1) Notochord
2) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3) Gill slits
4) Post-anal tail
- ventral heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Subphylum Urochordata

1) notochord only in larvae
2) dorsal nerve cord only in larvae
3) planktonic larval stage
4) sessile adult
5) marine filter feeders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Subphylum Cephalochordata

1) notochord and nerve cord
2) pharyngeal gill slits
3) small fish-like in appearance
lancelets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List Characteristics of Class Agnatha.

1) mouth ventral - without jaw
2) without scales
3) without paired fins
4) cartilaginous skeleton
- body slender
- lampreys and hagfish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Placodermi

1) armored plates
2) mouth anterior with jaws
3) bony skeleton
4) paired fins
- extinct by close of Paleozoic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the importance of Class Placodermii?

without them no limbs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What 2 classes did Placodermii split into?

Class Chondrichthyes

Class Osteichthyes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes.

1) skeleton of cartilage
2) paired pelvic and pectoral fins
3) placoid scales
- without a swim bladder
- gill slits
- mouth ventral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List characteristics of Class Osteichthyes.

1) Skeleton of bone
2) mouth anterior
3) operculum
4) swim bladder
- cycloid scales
- paired pelvic & pectoral fins
- dermal scales for protection and osmoregulation
- most common fish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Demersal

fishes that live on the bottom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Homocercal

upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin of equal size - ex bony fish

Define Chromatophores

colored pigments in bony fishes

Define Iridiophores

chromatophores that contain crystals giving bony fish structural colors

Define Myomeres

Muscles that produce rhythmic contractions

Define Anadromous fish

living at sea but migrate to FW to reproduce - salmon

Define Catadromous fish

breed at sea but live in FW - FW eels

Define Ovoviviparous

eggs develop inside the mom, then she gives birth to live young

Define Viviparous

live young, nourished from the reproductive tract

Define Gill rakers

water filters of basking sharks

List characteristics of Order Squamata.

1) skin of epidermal scales 2) jaws with teeth 3) with or without legs 4) terrestiral - freshwater - marine snakes and lizards

List characteristics of Order Chelonia

1) body in a case of dermal plates (modified scales) 2) jaws without teeth - probably not predators - herbivorous 3) terrestrial - freshwater - marine turtles and tortoises

Define Arribada

mass nesting of sea turtles on beaches

What are the 3 different life styles of reptiles pertaining to reproduction and where they live or eat.

1) sea lizards - live on land, eat in water, lay eggs on land 2) sea turtles - live on water, come on land to lay eggs 3) sea snakes - truly marine - ovoviviparous

Whats a Turtle Excluder Device?

net to capture fish that allows turtles to escape

What's Ascension Island?

an island in the middle of the South Atlantic that sea turtles sometimes lay eggs at.

List the Order and characteristics of Sea Snakes.

Order Squamata - no fouling organisms (probably because of shedding) - often seen in massive numbers - can stay underwater for 2 hours (maybe cutaneous respiration)

List characteristics of birds.

1) feather 2) air breathers 3) homeothermic - aka endothermic 4) oviparous 5) Volant (can fly)

Why do tropical areas have higher diversity?

they don't freeze

Why is bird diversity low in the ocean?

1) the ocean is flat 2) wet 3) salty 4) usually very windy 5) only marine foods available

Name 3 groups of reptiles and how excess salt is released.

Sea Lizard - Nasal Gland (same as marine birds) Sea Turtles - Lachrymal Gland ( in orbit of eye) Sea Snakes - Sublingual Gland

What's counter shading?

ventral light & dorsal dark

List the 4 types of flight in marine birds.

1) Flightless - penguins 2) Dynamic Soaring - albatross 3) Static Soaring (thermals) - pelicans 4) Wing Loading - Auks

What are the 3 marine mammal orders?

Order Sirenia - sea cows Order Pinnipedia - seals Order Cetacea - whales

Define Breaching.

whales leaping into the air

Define beaching.

whales and dolphins stranding themselves on beaches

Define fluke

horizontal, fin-like muscular tail of cetaceans

Define ambergris.

an ingredient in perfumes from un-digested sperm whale food

Define baleen

filtering plates that hang from the upper jaws of baleen whales

Define rorquals

blue whale and fin whales

Define great whales.

sperm and baleen whales

Define melon.

fatty structure on toothed whales that focus and direct sound waves

Define spermaceti

waxy oil in sperm whales used for candles and lube

Define delayed implantation

prolonging embryo development until the mother reaches the shore

Define nitrogen narcosis (bends)

decompression sickness - nitrogen bubbles in joints or blocking blood flow

How do dolphins echolocate?

by sending sound waves from the melon to the target and hearing the echo bounce off with the inner ear

What is a fouling organism and what are examples w/ and w/o damage?

= organisms that live attached to submerged surfaces - with damage - ex. Shipworms - without damage - ex. algae

List examples of each trophic level.

``` TL 1 - diatoms TL 2 - copepods TL 3 - krill TL 4 - fish, seals, penguins TL 5 - sharks, killer whales ```

Final Flashcards

(61 cards)