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Final Flashcards

0
Q

Ricardo

A

Iron law of wages

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1
Q

Malthus

A

Believed the population would outstrip the food supply

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2
Q

Chartism

A 
The first large scale working-class political movement 
step toward working-class rights
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3
Q

English factory act of 1833

A

During industrial revolution
broke pattern of whole families working together
Limited child work day and made kids under nine go to school

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4
Q

Concert of Europe

A

European countries continued to meet after napoleonic wars

First attempt at collective security

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5
Q

Conservatism

A

Believed traditions were the essential foundations of any society
Aimed to preserve authority of monarchies aristocracies and established churches

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

Idea that each people had its own specific unity which manifested itself in a common language and history
often led to the desire for an independent political state
Hungarians and Austrians especially

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7
Q

Liberalism

A 
Challenged conservative political social and religious values
Upper-middle-class Europeans especially
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8
Q

Socialism

A

Against individualism
Movement toward a sense of community
economic equality and state regulation of property

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9
Q

Marx and Engels

A

Wrote the Communist manifesto

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10
Q

Marxism

A

Conflict between the established order in the challenge order resulting in classless society

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11
Q

Metternich

A

Austrian Foreign Minister that believed strong government was necessary and worked to prevent movement against conservatism

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12
Q

Carlsbad decrees

A

Metternich
Created to root out subversive ideas and crush liberal organizations
dissolved the burschenshaften (liberal student associations) and monitored press

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13
Q

Greece gained independence from

A

Ottomans with help of Britain France and Russia in a nationalism revolt

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14
Q

Corn laws (1815)

A

Made it too expensive to important grain thus raising the price of food

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15
Q

Coercion act of 1817

A

Suspend habeus corpus and repress liberals in London

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16
Q

Peterloo massacre

A

Radical protest at St. peters fields in London killed 11 people

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17
Q

Britain’s great reform bill of 1832

A

Increased voters by 50%
eliminated rotten boroughs and pocket boroughs
gave industrial areas representation made revolution unnecessary

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18
Q

Charter

A

France’s Constitution
established bicameral legislator
Guaranteed declaration of rights of man, religious freedom, and protection of property

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19
Q

Revolution of 1830/four ordinances

A

4 ordinances restricted rights (ultra conservative)
Citizens revolt and Charles X abdicated the throne
Louis Philippe takes over and creates (constitutional) July monarchy with with toleration and no censorship

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20
Q

Revolutions of 1848

A

France Austria Prussia
Food shortages depression unemployment frustration…
Led to conservative ideas keeping hold but liberal ideas gaining support

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21
Q

Six acts

A

Issued In response to the Peterloo massacre and moved Britain toward becoming a repressive state

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22
Q

When did urban society begin to emerge

A

Mid to late 19th century after the Industrial Revolution

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23
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Jeremy Bentham

Idea that social policies should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

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24
Edwin Chadwick
Worked to change urban conditions after industrial revolution published evidence that disease was related to unsanitary environmental conditions
25
Louis Pasteur
Germ theory
26
Robert Koch
Experimentation with bacteria
27
Joseph lister
Antiseptic principle | sterilization
28
Romance began to replace tradition and financial considerations relating to marriage in...
1850
29
Components of first industrial revolution
Second half of 18th century Textiles Steam Iron
30
Components of second Industrial Revolution
``` Second half of 19th century Electricity Steel Chemicals Car Oil ```
31
Auguste Comte
Father of sociology
32
Realism
``` Mid 19th century Stressed the depiction of life as it actually was Showed the dark side Balzac Flaubert Zola Tolstoy Dickens Dreiser ```
33
Napoleon III
Led France in the Second Republic then declared himself emperor Authoritative at first and then liberal Tried to beat Bismarck in Franco-Prussian war which led to his capture and defeat
34
Paris commune
Parisians upset over loss of Alsace-Lorraine in Franco-Prussian war took over city French army put it down Resulted to the third republic
35
Dreyfus affair
French Jewish army captain wrongly accused of treason | Split catholic and govt ties
36
Italian unification
Led by Mazzini and Cavour and Garibaldi | Resulted in kingdom of Italy (led by Emanuel II)
37
Bismarck's kleindeutch policy
Without Austria
38
Schleswig-Holstein affair Austro-Prussian war Ems dispatch (Steps to German unification)
Prussia and Austria allies to defeat Denmark for control of Schleswig and Holstein ............. Bismarck defeated Austria to get Holstein ............. Bismarck edited a message from William I to enrage french and start Franco-Prussian war and get Alsace-Lorraine
39
Crimean war
over who should protect Christian shrines in Ottoman Empire | Russia vs France Britain ottoman and Piedmont Sardinia
40
Alexander II
Abolished serfdom in Russia equality before the law censorship relaxed industrial development
41
October manifesto
Nicholas II of Russia promised constitutional government
42
Ausgleich compromise of 1867
Dual monarchy of Austria Hungary
43
Zionism
Movement toward political nationhood of Jews | Theodore Herzl
44
Revisionism
Effort to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realism
45
Great migration
This movement of people from Europe in the 19th century | Caused by overcrowding, better opportunities, and liberalism
46
New imperialism
Late 19th century drive by European countries to create political empires abroad
47
Berlin conference
Agreed no single country and claim all of Africa in late 18th century
48
Imperialism in India
In 1907 Indians rebelled against Great Britain
49
Kulterkampf
Bismarcks attack on the Catholic Church
50
German blank check
Offers full support to austria-Hungary after assassination of archduke Ferdinand
51
Schlieffen plan
During ww1 Herman plan to take over France and then Russia Failed
52
Cause for US involvement in ww1
Sinking of Lusitania sinking of Sussex Germans violate Sussexx pledge and resume submarine warfare Britain releases Zimmerman telegram
53
February revolution
Strikes in Russia during ww1 | Led to the provisional govt which was overthrown by the Bolsheviks
54
Treaty of breast-litovsk
Took Russia out of ww1 Permitted Germany to push troops west Acknowledgement of Poland Ukraine Finland and Baltic states
55
Checka
Secret soviet police who carried out the red terror
56
Paris peace conference
Gathering of victorious countries after ww1 at Versailles
57
Treaty of Versailles
Stripped Germany of its colonies restricted German army made Germany pay reparations and except full responsibility for ww1 called for league of Nations never ratified by US
58
Friedrich Nietzsche
Argued Christianity was a slave morality and god is dead Said the west overemphasized rationality and stifled instinct Early 20th century
59
Soren Kierkegaard
Believed you must take a leap of faith and accept the existence of God Early 20th century
60
Werner Heisenberg
Nature is unpredictable Uncertainty principle Early 20th century
61
Existentialism
Emphasized meaningless of existence in a godless world and importance of searching for moral value Early 20th century
62
Modernism
Rejected older values in favor of constant experimentation and the search for new kinds of expression Early 20th century
63
Dadaism
Attacked all excepted standards of behavior and art Most radical Early 20th century
64
Keynes
Believed Treaty of Versailles would destroy Germany
65
Occupation of the Ruhr
Germany proposed a suspension on reparation payments France and Belgium occupied the heartland of German industry Germans went on strike and started printing money
66
Dawes plan
Lowered Germany's reparations based on economic prosperity | Germany could receive US loans
67
Locarno agreement
Germany and France accept their common border | Britain and Italy agree to step in if either invade one another
68
Kellogg Briand pact
15 nations agreed to renounce war as an instrument of international policy
69
Great purges
Stalin arrested interrogated tortured and executed millions to fully control the communist party
70
The black shirts
Mussolinis private army that terrorized socialists and demanded to the long that Mussolini be appointed prime minister
71
Beer hall putsch
Hitler attempts to revolt against the Weimar Republic and is jailed
72
SA/brown shirts vs SS
Nazi storm troopers vs hitlers elite personal guards
73
Nazi policy of coordination
Forced society to conform to the national Socialist ideology
74
Lebensraum
Gain living space for Germans
75
Spanish civil war
Training ground for ww2 Nationalists were helped by Germany and Italy Republicans were helped by Russia Mexico and France
76
Appeasement before ww2
``` Germany takes Rhineland Germany takes Austria Germany takes Sudetenland (in Munich agreement Germany promises it will stop after this) Germany takes Czech War began when Germany attacked Poland ```
77
Sitzkrieg
Quiet period In World War II through winter | Germans watched French forces behind Maginot line (border)
78
Miracle of Dunkirk
Allies soldiers rescued from a French beach in ww2
79
Teheran conference
Stalin asked his allies to open a second front in France during World War II Only soviets would liberate the east
80
Yalta conference
Each Allie would occupy a separate zone of Germany after ww2
81
Potsdam conference
Truman demanded immediate free elections throughout Eastern Europe but Stalin refused Nazi leaders would be tried After v-e day
82
Marshall plan
After ww2 American aided European countries to prevent the spread of communism
83
Khrushchev
He secret speech attacked Stalin Destalinization Shift of goods from military to agriculture Closed labor camps
84
Anschluss
Union of Germany and Austria when Hitler annexed Austria
85
Secret provision of the Nazi Soviet nonaggression pact
Germany and Soviet union would split Poland in half
86
Soviets called World War II...
The great patriotic war of the fatherland

AP Euro (3 decks)

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