Final Flashcards
(54 cards)
Beginnings of urbanization
mesoamerica, nile valley. needs agricultural surplus and social stratification to form and be maintained
Second urban revolution
Large scale movement to cities made possible by:
1. second agricultural revolution improved food production and created larger surplus 2. industrialization encouraged growth of cities near industrial resources
Edge cities
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* Suburban downtown, often located near key freeway intersection, often with: * * office complexes- shopping centers
- hotels
- restaurants
- entertainment facilities
- sport complexes
Site
* absolute location of a city * a city's static location,often chosen for trade, defense, or religion.
Situation
- relative location of a city
* a city’s place in the region and the world around it
Central place theory
- predicts how and where central places in the urban hierarchy would functionally and spatially distributed
- hexagon
Functional Zonation
the division of the city into certain regions (zones)for certain purposes (function).
Griffin-Ford model (Latin American model)
- radical sectors and concentric zones
- less advantaged residents in ring around outer edge of city
- more affluent residents close to CBD
Commercialization
city governments transform central city to attract resident/ tourists. New downtowns often stark contrast to rest of central city- stadium, riverfront.
Gentrification
individuals buy and rehabilitate houses, rasing the housing and changing neighborhood
Tear-downs
bought with the intention of tearing it down to build a much larger home.
McMansions
large homes built to the outer limits of the lot. McMansion because of thier super size and their similar look.
Urban sprawl
- unrestricted growth over large expanses of land
* not adjacent to existing development
New urbanism
- Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with diversity of housing/jobs.
- privatization of public spaces?
- help social conditions that create social ills of the cities?
- work against urban sprawl?
World cities
cities that function at global scale, beyond reach of the state/country border, functioning as service centers of world economy.
Just-in-time
companies keep just what they need for short term production and new parts are shipped quickly when needed.
Outsourcing
Outsourced work that is located outside of the country.
deindustrialization
companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to service economy and work through a period of high unemployment.
Foridst
dominant mode of mass production during twentieth century, production of consumer goods at single site.
Post-Fordist
current mode of production with a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not necessarily massed produced. Multinational companies shift production.
Beginning of industrial revolution
- Great Britain in the mid 1700s
- Why?
- Flow of Captial
- Second agricultural revolution
- Resources: coal, iron ore, and water
Location theory
predicting where business will or should be located
Location models (Weber’s, Hotelling, Losch)
Weber’s Model
Manufacturing plants will located where costs are the least (least cost theory)
Hotelling’s Model
Location of an industry cannot be understood without reference to other industries of the same kind.
Losch’s Model
Manufacturing plants choose locations where they can maximize profit.
Service economy
companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to service economy and work through a period of high unemployment.
Walmart
Requires producers of goods to locate offices in Bentonville, Arkansas (Walmart’s headquarters) area in order to negotiate deals with Walmart.
Nike
Headquarter in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike has never produced a shoe in Oregon. Beginning in the 1960s, Nike contracted with an Asian firm to produce its shoes.
