Final Flashcards
(86 cards)
0
Q
How many degrees of freedom does the femoral-acetabular articulation have?
A
3 degrees of freedom
1
Q
What is the femoral acetabular articulation also knowns?
A
Coxofemoral joint
2
Q
What is the functional role of the hip?
A
Weight bearing support
Force transmission
Maximal stability while providing considerable mobility
3
Q
What is the resting position of the hip?
A
30 degrees of flexion
30 degrees of abduction
0 degrees or slightly ER
4
Q
What is the closed pack position of the hip?
A
Extension
Abduction
IR
5
Q
When is the body in the most stable position?
A
Terminal stance
6
Q
What is the orientation of the acetabulum?
A
Lateral
Anterior
Inferior
7
Q
What are the 3 primary ligaments that contribute to stability of the hip?
A
Iliofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
8
Q
What does the iliofemoral primarily checks?
A
Extension
IR
9
Q
What muscles are responsible for hip abduction?
A
Gluteus medius Gluteus Maximus Gluteus minimus TFL Sartorius
10
Q
What muscles are responsible for hip adduction?
A
Adductor group: adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
11
Q
What muscles are responsible for hip medial rotation (IR)
A
Gluteus minimus
TFL
12
Q
What muscles are responsible for hip lateral rotation (ER)?
A
External rotators : Gluteus Maximus Gluteus medius ( posterior part) Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Pirimorsis Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Sartorius
13
Q
What is the femoral acetabulum flexion angle?
A
110-120 degrees
14
Q
What is the femoral acetabular extension angle?
A
10-15 degrees
15
Q
What is the femoral-acetabulum abduction angle?
A
30-35 degrees
16
Q
What is the femoral-acetabulum adduction angle?
A
30 degrees
17
Q
What is the femoral-acetabulum ER angle?
A
40-60 degrees
18
Q
What is the femoral-acetabulum IR angle?
A
30-40 degrees
19
Q
What is the ratio between quadriceps & hamstrings?
A
60 %
20
Q
Because of the orientation of the Acetabulum, true distraction or traction of the hip joint will occur in what direction?
A
Inferior
Lateral direction
21
Q
Posterior & inferior glide is what Arthrokinematic motion?
A
Flexion
22
Q
Inferior glide is what Arthrokinematic motion?
A
Abduction
23
Q
What is flexibility?
A
The ROM available in a joint, such as the hip, or a series of joint, such as the spine.
24
What are the 4 stages of motor control?
Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skilled
25
What are the two distinct components that makes up a persons flexibility?
JROM
| Muscle flexibility
26
If two joints Are fused (c4-c5), where are the movements?
At the hypermobile joints proximal and distal to the fused area (c3, c6).
27
What occurs when there's an upper motor lesion?
CNS, spasticity
28
What occurs when there's a lower motor lesion?
PNS, flaccid
29
What is the mechanical component of total flexibility?
JROM
30
What is the neuro component of total flexibility
Muscle flexibility
31
What should occur if there is no joint/ mechanical problem of the joint?
Linear movement
32
What is static flexibility?
The measured ROM available about a joint or series of joints.
Degrees
33
What is dynamic flexibility?
A measure of the resistance to active motion about a joint or series of joints. Newton/ m2
34
What are the JROM limiting factors?
Arthrokinematics of joint
| Alignment of articular surfaces
35
Grades of joint mobility testing?
```
0- ankylosis
1- moderate hypomobility
2- hypomobile
3- normal
4- hyper mobile
5- moderate hyper mobility
6- pathologically hyper mobile
```
36
How can you tell connective tissue was torn rather than muscle in a tear?
Connective tissue has no blood flow, so the area will not bruise, unlike muscle tissue, which does have blood flow and will bruise.
37
What is another name for muscle tear?
Rent
38
What two types of extracellular fibers that play a significant role in a persons flexibility and warrant consideration by PT
Collagen
| Elastin
39
Load bearing ability of collagen is dependent on three structural properties, "collagen-fiber suspension bridge"
Material properties- physical and mechanical
Size- area and length
Organization
40
Formation of tendon, "tendon Hierarchy" (big-small)
```
Tendon
Fascicles
Fibril
Sub fibril
Micro fibril
Tropo collagen
```
41
What is ground substance made out of?
(Glycos/amino/glycans) and water
| GAG and water
42
What is the function of ground substance?
Lubrication and spacing between the collagen fibers where they cross. Space prevents excessive cross links between fibrils that could serve to decrease tissue mobility and deformation.
43
What are the 3 mechanical properties of C.T.?
Elasticity
Viscoelasticity
Plasticity
44
What is elasticity?
Spring-like behavior where elongation, which is produced by tensile load, is recovered after the load is removed.
45
What is viscoelasticity?
Allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery once the deforming force has been removed. The recovery is the result of the elasticity and the imperfection is the result of viscosity. Not permanent.
46
What is plasticity?
Permits permanent plastic deformation
47
What are the 3 physical properties of C.T.?
Force relaxation
Creep response
Hysteresis
48
What is force relaxation/ stress relaxation?
The decrease in the amount of force required to maintain a tissue at a set amount of displacement or deformation over time. The rate at which the force is applied will affect the resulting relaxation of the tissue.
Relate to dynamic flexibility
49
What is creep response?
Ability of the tissue to deform over time while constant force is being imposed upon it.
Relate to static flexibility
50
What is hysteresis?
Amount of relaxation a tissue has undergone during any single cycle of deformation and relaxation.
Stretch, relax, stretch, relax
51
What are the 4 zones of the load- deformation ( stress-strain) & %
Zone I - toe 2%
Zone II - linear region 4%
Zone III - primary failure 6%
Zone IV - complete failure 10%
52
What are the 6 anatomical elements that contribute to muscle stiffness (resistance to deformation)
Adhesion of one fibril to another or between muscle
Epimysium
Perimysium & endomysium
Sarcolemma
Contractile elements within muscle fiber
Associated tendons and their insertion
53
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
Describes the combined motions of GH joint abduction/ flexion and ST upward rotation.
54
What is the movement ratio for scapula humeral rhythm?
Overall 2:1 GH to ST
| GH = 120 degrees, ST = 60 degrees
55
What is the function of the scapula humeral rhythm?q
Critical motions for smooth scapula humeral rhythm.
Superior roll and compression of the humeral head
Upward rotation of the scapula
ER of the humerus
56
What happens if the deltoid acts alone to elevate the humerus?
The head of the humerus will be pulled into the acromion and this known as impingement. The rotator cuff muscles act to steer the humeral head from the acromion during humeral elevation.
57
What happens during upward rotation of the scapula?
The upper/lower trapezius and serratus anterior are working concentric ally
Rhomboids and middle trapezius work to control the strong protraction force of serratus anterior with much of these fibers working eccentrically
58
What is the carrying angle for males?
5-10 degrees
59
What is the carrying angle for females?
10-15 degrees
| Disappears in pronation or in full flexion.
60
For the carrying angle cubitus valgus occurs around how many degrees?
20 degrees
61
Cubitus Varus occurs when the angle is less than how many degrees and also called?
5 degrees
| Gunstock deformity
62
For the length-tension relationships when the elbow flexion and shoulder flexion occurs what muscles are actively or passively insufficient?
Biceps become actively insufficient and triceps become passively insufficient
63
For the length-tension relationships when elbow extension and shoulder extension occurs what muscles are actively and passively insufficient?
Biceps become passively insufficient and triceps become actively insufficient.
64
In flexor moment arms the biceps what position for the greatest MA?
Biceps = elbow flexed to 90-100 degrees
65
In flexor moment arms the brachialos is in what position for the greatest MA?
Brachialis = elbow flexed to 100 degrees
66
In flexor moment arms the brachioradialis is in what position for the greatest MA?
Brachioradialis = elbow flexed to 100-120 degrees
67
______________is active during all types of flexor activity-workhorse of the elbow Flexors?
Brachialis
68
_____________is quite during flexor activity if the forearm is in full pronation?
Biceps
69
_____________ is greatest during concentric flexion between 0 and 60 degrees.
Brachioradialis
70
________________Does most of the work during unresisted extension with all heads firing during resisted extension.
Medial head of triceps
71
True or false
| Flexors are stronger than Extensors
True
72
In supination, the radius and ulna are?
Parallel
73
In pronation, radius crosses?
The ulna
| There is very little motion of the ulna.
74
___________acts alone during slow unresisted supination?
Supinator
75
_________ acts during resisted or fast supination, especially when the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees.
Biceps
76
True or false
| Supinators are stronger than pronators?
True
77
What is the function of the elbow complex?
Designed for positioning of the hand.
78
Elbow extension is associated with?
Pronation
79
Elbow flexion is associated with?
Supination
80
True or false
| Loss of elbow is a greater functional loss
True
81
True or false
| Loss of supination is a greater functional loss?
True
82
In regards to tenodesis active extension of the wrist will create passive flexion of the _______?
Fingers
83
In regards to tenodesis active flexion of the wrist will create passive extension of the _______?
Fingers
84
What are the prehension power grips?
Cylindrical
Spherical
Hook
85
What are the prehension precision grips?
Tip prehension
Palmar prehension
Lateral prehension
