Midterm

Question 0

What is isometric exercise?

Answer 0

Velocity is static 0 degrees/sec

Resistance is accommodating and selectable a velocity based exercise.

Question 1

What is Isokinetic?

Answer 1

Velocity is constant: degrees/sec

Resistance is accommodating and selectable a velocity based exercise

Question 2

What is isotonic exercise?

Answer 2

One tone
Velocity is variable
Resistance is constant and non-selectable a force based exercise.

Question 3

Concentric

Answer 3

Force development in a muscle in which the muscle fibrils decrease in length “shortening” muscular activity, “positive work”

Question 4

Eccentric

Answer 4

Force development in a muscle in which the muscle fibrils increase in length.
“Lengthening”muscular activity, negative work

Question 5

What is strength?

Answer 5

Force development without regard to time. Force development at an angular velocity of less than 90 degrees/sec

Question 6

What is power?

Answer 6

Force development with regard to time. Force development at an angular velocity of greater than 90 degrees/ sec

Question 7

What are the principles of Isokinetic Assessment and Therapeutic exercise applications?

Answer 7

Principles of assessment
Potential confounding variables
Components of interpretation
Principles and application of Isokinetic exercises.

Question 8

What is mechanics?

Answer 8

The study of forces and their effects. Deals with the analysis of forces acting on an object.

Question 9

What is dynamics?

Answer 9

The study of bodies moving at changing velocities.

Question 10

What is kinematics?

Answer 10

The study of motion (The effect)

Question 11

What is kinetics?

Answer 11

The study of force that produce motion. (The cause)

Question 12

What is biomechanics?

Answer 12

The application of mechanics to living creatures. Can be internal or external forces.

Question 13

What are forces?

Answer 13

Could be internal or external forces.

Question 14

What are the types of forces?

Answer 14

Muscular 
Gravitational 
Inertial
Buoyant 
Contact forces

Question 15

What is the center of gravity?

Answer 15

A theoretical point in which is the center of mass. A theoretical point at which all mass would appear to be concentrated, and is the point at which the force of gravity would appear to act.

Question 16

What is base of support?

Answer 16

The area that circumscribes contact with supporting surfaces: base of support wider, center of mass is smaller creates more stability.

Question 17

What is stability?

Answer 17

Stability of a subject is related to the location of the CG to the area of base of support.

Question 18

True or false

An object is stable as long as the CG is lined up over the base of support.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The degree of stability is dependent on?

Answer 19

On the relationship of the CG to the base of support

1. Location of CG
2. Area of base of support

Question 20

What are the stages of motor control?

Answer 20

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

Question 21

What is the extremities rule?

Answer 21

CG of the extremity is found 4/9ths of the distance from the proximal end. (Or 5/9ths from the distal end.)

Question 22

What is the law of inertia also known as?

Answer 22

Newton’s 1st Law

Question 23

What is Newton’s 1st Law?

Answer 23

A body tends to remain at rest or in uniform motion until acted upon by an unbalanced set of forces

Question 24

What is the Law of Acceleration also known as?

Answer 24

Newton's 2nd Law

Question 25

What is Newton's 2nd Law?

Answer 25

Acc= force/ mass Acceleration of a body is proportional to the unbalanced set of forces acting upon it and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Question 26

The Law of Reaction is also known as?

Answer 26

Newton's 3rd Law

Question 27

What is Newton's 3rd Law?

Answer 27

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 28

What is rotary movement?

Answer 28

Movement about/ around an axis

Question 29

Is clockwise rotary movement negative or positive?

Answer 29

Positive

Question 30

Is counter clockwise rotary movement negative or positive?

Answer 30

Negative

Question 31

Is concentric rotary movement negative or positive?

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

Is eccentric rotary movement negative or positive?

Answer 32

Negative

Question 33

What is translatory (non-rotary) movement?

Answer 33

Movement in a linear fashion, with in a plane. | Compression, distraction, shear (translatoric glides)

Question 34

What are the factors characterizing a force?

Answer 34

Magnitude Direction Point of application- determine the torque = force x distance Line of application -efficiency angle of attachment

Question 35

What are the two vector presentation of forces?

Answer 35

``` Rotary component (influence) Non-rotary/ translatoric (influence) ```

Question 36

What are the internal forces -joint hydrostatic properties?

Answer 36

Swelling Contracture elements Connective tissue elements

Question 37

What are the types of external forces?

Answer 37

Gravity -9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/sec2 Cuff weights Theraband PT manually applied resistance

Question 38

What is the principle of transmissibility?

Answer 38

"A force can be considered to achieved the same results as it acts anywhere along its line of application (action)"

Question 39

What is the law of lever?

Answer 39

The force will balance the weight when the moment (torque) of force equals the amount of the resistance.

Question 40

What is the moment of force?

Answer 40

Is the measurement of the tendency to cause motion about an axis

Question 41

What is torque?

Answer 41

Is the magnitude of force multiplied by its perpendicular distance from the action line of force to its axis. Torque= force x distance

Question 42

What is equilibrium?

Answer 42

Is the balance of torque (moments)= stability

Question 43

What is the mechanical advantage?

Answer 43

The advantage that a force has due to the length of its lever.

Question 44

What is a first class lever?

Answer 44

Fulcrum is between the force and resistance

Question 45

What is a second class lever?

Answer 45

Resistance is between the force and fulcrum

Question 46

What is a third class lever?

Answer 46

Force is between the resistance and fulcrum

Question 47

What is static equilibrium?

Answer 47

Related to first Newtonian law. An equilibrium status whereas the condition of the body is that of a constant velocity other than zero.

Question 48

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 48

Related to first Newtonian law. Equilibrium status whereas the condition of the body is that of a constant velocity other than zero.

Question 49

What is the resolution of forces?

Answer 49

Dividing a force into its components (it's rotary and non rotary components) or replacing a single vector by two or more equivalent forces.

Question 50

What is the composition of forces?

Answer 50

The combination of the forces acting on an object into one net resulting effect.

Question 51

What is a load?

Answer 51

An outside force or group of forces acting on an object.

Question 52

What is a mechanical stress?

Answer 52

The internal reaction or resistance to the external load.

Question 53

What Are the three principle stresses?

Answer 53

1. Tension 2. Compression 3. Shear

Question 54

What is mechanical strain?

Answer 54

Deformation or chance in dimensions of an object because of the forces (load) applied to the object.

Question 55

What is statics?

Answer 55

The study of bodies at rest or at a constant velocity