Final Flashcards
(19 cards)
John Maynard Keynes
Who: Grandfather of Modern Economics
What: British Economist
When: 1883 - 1946
How: Proposed ideas that evolved into the World Bank and the International Money Fund (IMF)
Japan’s “Economic Miracle”
Who:Japan
What: Explosive economic growth of Japan
When: post world war 2 / cold war era
Where: Japan
How: Aid given to the country by the US and the Japanese Government’s focus on stimulating private sector growth
Ethnic cleansing
Who: Defined by Raphael Lempkin, Attempted by Milosevic
What: Planned deliberate removal from a specific territory, persons of a particular ethnic group, by force or intimidation. in order to render that area ethnically homogenous
When: 1989
Where: Yugoslavia
Why: Slovenia and Croatia declare independence. Yugoslavia does not accept and attempts to cleanse the Croatians, leaving the Serbs.
Prague Spring
Who: Alexander Dubcek
What: An attempt to grant additional rights to the citizens
When: Began with Dubceks election on 01/05/1968
Where: Czechoslovakia
How: Loosening restrictions on media, speech, travel, and decentralization of administrative authority.
SALT Treaties
Who: US / Soviet (Russian leader at the time is Brezhnev
What: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
When: I: 1972 II:1979
Why: Reduce cold war tension
How: Restricted number of launchers and missile weapons systems
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Who: President Johnson
What: An Excuse for the US to conduct attacks in Vietnam
When: In August 1964 the USS Maddox was attacked. Johnson requested congress’s permission for retaliation and revived it
Where: Tonkin Gulf off of North Vietnamese coast
Why: A way to get involved in Vietnam without and official War declaration
Brezhnev Doctrine
Who: Leonid Brezhnev
What: Soviet foreign policy. Retroactively Justified Czech invasion that ended Prague Spring
When: September 26, 1968
Where: USSR
Why: Allowed limited independence of satellite communist states
How: No country could leave or compromise the Warsaw pact
OPEC
Who / What: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
When: Established in 1961
Where: HQ in Vienna, Austria
Why: Coordinate policies of the oil producing companies
Perestroika
Who: Gorbachev
What: Political movement for reformation within Communist party of the Soviet Union “Restructuring”
When: 1986
Where: Russia
Why: Restructuring of Soviet political system
How: multi-candidate elections at some levels, decentralized economic decisions, removes Brezhnev doctrines
Berlin Wall
What: German Reunification When: Falls in 11/9/1989 Where: Germany Why: Constitutional merger, the west effectively absorbs the east How:
Apartheid
Who: Legalized by Afrikaners National Party
What: System of Racial Segregation in South Africa
When: 1948 legalization
Where: South Africa
How: Natives Resettlement Act ‘54: Forcible removal of black Africans into townships.
Solidarity
Who: Lech Walesa
What First non-Communist party controlled (independent) trade union in a Warsaw pact country
When: emerged on 31 August 1980
Where: at the Gdańsk Shipyard
Why: Advance cause of workers’ rights and social change
How: Broad anti-bureaucratic methods of civil resistance. Protest against Communist government. Led to first democratically held elections in Poland in 1989
1968
Prague Spring Vietnam War: Tet offensive Vietnam: My Lai massacre Nixon Takes the Presidency Formation of Khmer Rouge
Four Modernizations
Who: Deng Xiaoping
What: Agriculture, industry, national defense, science / tech
When: 1978
Where: China
Why: Means to stimulate the economy adopted after the death of Mao Zedong
How: Lay groundwork for economic expansion and trade with the world
Ostpolitik
Who: Initiated by Willy Brandt as foreign minister and then chancellor
What: “Eastern Policy”
When: 1969 start
Where: West Germany
Why: Part of Detente policy, normalize relations between West and East Germany
How: Change through rapprochement
USSR collapse
Gorbachev resigned on 12/25/1991 declaring his office extinct. The USSR crumbled the next day
End of the hostility between NATO and the Warsaw Pact members
Poland’s Shock Therapy
- Disparity between rich and poor
- High unemployment in country
- 34% inflation in 1994
Moldova Civil War
- Language Laws (Moldovan and Romanian language replace Russian)
- Violence breaks out in fall 1990
Gorbachev’s reforms
Glasnot: openness
Perestroika: Restructuring
