final

Question 0

if amniotic fluid is collected early 15-18 weeks most likely being to collected to determine what

Answer 0

congental and genetic disorders

Question 1

amoniotic fluid is collected pregnancy for sex determination,predict HDN (hemolic disease) name 2 other reasons

Answer 1

dx of congential and genetic disorders

assess fetal pulmonary maturity

Question 2

condition in pregnacy characterized by decrease in amno

Answer 2

oligohydrdraminos

Question 3

reason to protect amno from light

Answer 3

preserve bilirubin

Question 4

amno fluid fetal cells adversely affected by what

Answer 4

refridgeration

Question 5

physical exam of amnio

color
turbity
bilirubin
meconimum

Answer 5

colorless or pale yellow
can’t tell from urine depends on stage of pregnancy
amber
red

Question 6

4 tests to evaluate surfactants to fetal pulmonary system
L/S Ratio
Microcisocity
name 2 others

Answer 6

pg determination

FSI

Question 7

comparing L/S ratio and PG determination what would indicate fetal lung maturity

Answer 7

L/S ratio greater than 2

pg determination present

Question 8

is L/s affected by blood muccion
is PG

If L/s greater than 2 but no PG present does it mean lung maturity

Answer 8

yes
no

could but greater than two in diabetics

Question 9

Liley’s 3 zone chart

name 1-3

Answer 9

1 normal minally affect of fetus
2 moderate hemolysis
3 severe hemolysis- fetus die w/o intervention

Question 10

increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased plasmatic pressure
non inflammatory protein less than ???
clear to pale yellow
does not clot
less than 1000 cells uL

Answer 10

transudates

3

Question 11

permability in membrane or decrease absorbtion of fluid by lymphotic system- inflammatory–can form clots– WBC more than 1000 uL cells–protien greater than ? __ specific gravity greater than ??

Answer 11

exudates
3
1.015

Question 12

3 biochemical indicators which identify seminal fluid

which is useful sex assault

Answer 12

zinc
citric acid

acid phosphatase (assault)

Question 13

4 reasons for semen analysis

Answer 13

evalute infertility
follow up vasectomy
donation
forsensics

Question 14

4 structures contribute secretions to seminal fluid

Answer 14

testes
epididymis
seminal vesicles
prostate gland

Question 15

normal concentration of seminal fluid

Answer 15

20-250 million

Question 16

seminal concentration not constant,3 factors that influence this

Is concentration most important factor in infertility

Answer 16

viral illness
recent sex
stress abstinence

no

Question 17

% of sperm normal that is acceptable

how is sperm morphology determined

Answer 17

50% or more

stain smear fresh speciman

Question 18

what parameter of a semen analysis is directly related to and provides a check of the motility evaluation? how?

Answer 18

viability test with stain distinguish b/n dead and vitality

Question 19

what is the normal pH of seminal fluid? what might a pH of 7.8 indicate?

Answer 19

pH 7.2-7.8
less than 7.2 abnormal of epididymis vas deferens or seminal vesicles
more than 7.8 infection of male reproductive tract

Question 20

testing fructose in seminal fluid reflects the secretory function of the _ _, as well as the functional integrity of the _ _ and _ _.

Answer 20

seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts vas defencns

Question 21

what is the primary function of seminal fluid?

Answer 21

carry sperm

Question 22

explain the requirements for the collection of a specimen for semen analysis.

Answer 22

transport w/i hr sex absintence least 48 hrs no more than 7 days

Question 23

what is the normal length of time (in minutes) for a semen specimen t liquefy? After liquefaction, the viscosity closely resembles tat of what other fluid? what would be considered abnormal liquefaction?

Answer 23

within 30 min
visocosity= water
abnormal greater than 60 m

Question 24

motility should be evaluated within how many minutes following collection?

Answer 24

w/i 60 min

Question 25

explain the color, clarity, viscosity and clot formation of normal synovial fluid

Answer 25

color clear paLE yellow clarity clear viscosity very viscous clot formation none

Question 26

is fibrinogen a normal constituent of normal synovial fluid?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

does hyaluronate affect the turbidity of a synovial fluid specimen? Name some things that might cause a synovial fluid to be turbid in apperance. WBC RBC celluar debris name 2 more

Answer 27

NO | crystals fat droplets

Question 28

why should a synovial fluid be examined ASAP? which component, if present, might be most adversely affected by a delay in examination?

Answer 28

crystals can form over time or dissolve or be phagocytized

Question 29

for microscopic examination purposes, the synovial fluid should be placed in a tube containing which anticagulant? why should other anticoagulants be avoided?

Answer 29

Na Hep others are avoided to prevent artifacts

Question 30

Name the diluent that should be used should be synovial fluid need to be diluted for microscopic exam.

Answer 30

.85% saline wont cause RBC to lyse

Question 31

a joint disease process is indicated by what? greater than

Answer 31

25% neutrphilis

Question 32

what type of microscopy differentiates synovial fluid crystals based on their birefringence? How is this achieved?

Answer 32

compensated polorazing microscope colors produced blue or yellow crystals oriented parallel or perpend to axis

Question 33

name some indicators of a synovial fluid that would be classified a septic some are 1-cloudy 2-yellowgreen 3-low visocity 4- high WBC 5-plasma symvial glucose diff greater than ??

Answer 33

40 mg/dl

Question 34

which crystal is usually seen in patient with gout?

Answer 34

monosodium urate (MSU) or uric acid

Question 35

are monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and cholesterol crystals all birefringent?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

which analytes are present in synovial fluid at concentration equal to blood plasma levels?

Answer 36

glucose and uric acid

Question 37

if a bloody CSF fluid is received in the lab, what are some steps to take to determine if it is a traumatic tap or the patient has actually had a hemorrhage? first by color of supernatent ten by vials

Answer 37

if supernatent is clear i is traumatic tap yellow xanthochrmial a hemorrhage if amount of blood decreases traumatic tap is stays same hemmorage

Question 38

define xanthochromia

Answer 38

yellow tint of csf post subaranoid hemorrage due to RBC pigments

Question 39

does fibrinogen NORMALLY pass through the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

according to the lumbar puncture procedure in your notes, the first tube collected should be used for what type of testing

Answer 40

chemical and immunologic testing

Question 41

a predominance of lymphocytes within CSF indicates which type of meningitis

Answer 41

viral

Question 42

what are the normal ranges for glucose and protein within a normal CSF? what condition would a decreased glucose and an increased protein indicate?

Answer 42

g--50-80 % mg dl p--15-45 mg increase protein /decreased glucose meningtis

Question 43

the amount of glucose in CSF is approximately-- % or -- of the plasma concentration

Answer 43

60-70 or 2/3

Question 44

define pleocytosis as it relates to CSF.

Answer 44

increased # of cells in CSF

Question 45

does an increased number of leukocytes within CSF cause xanthochromia?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

an uneven distribution of blood in the CSF collection tubes most lkely indicates what?

Answer 46

traumatic tap

Question 47

give the normal CSF WBC cell counts for adults, children, and newborns.

Answer 47

adults 0-5 uL lymphs and monocytes children 0-10 uL WBC newborns up to 30

Question 48

in adult CSF cell counts, what two cell types are considered normal if seen in the fluid?

Answer 48

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 49

a predominance of neutrophils within CSF indicates which type of meningitis?

Answer 49

bacterial

Question 50

what is the normal range for lactate in CSF? Normal lactate levels are often found in patients with what type of meningitis?

Answer 50

10-22 %mg/dl normal meningitis

Question 51

which procedure frequently provides a rapid presumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

Answer 51

csf gram stain