Final

Question 1

Penicillin G

Answer 1

only Gram + injection

Question 2

Penicillin V

Answer 2

only Gram + oral

Question 3

Aminopenicillins

Answer 3

Gram + (enterococcus) and - (E. coli, salmonella)

Question 4

Pseudomonal Penicillins

Answer 4

pseuodomonas

Question 5

Clavulanic Acid

Answer 5

used with penicillin, inhibits B-lactamase

Question 6

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

Answer 6

Gram + , resistant by hiding C-N bond

Question 7

Cephalasporins

Answer 7

two variable R groups

Question 8

1st generation Ceph

Answer 8

Gram +

Question 9

2nd generation Ceph

Answer 9

Gram - and anaerobic organsism

Question 10

3rd generation Ceph

Answer 10

Gram - and central nervous system

Question 11

4th generation Ceph

Answer 11

Gram + and -

Question 12

Vancomycin

Answer 12

LAST RESORT changes D-Alanine to D-lactate or D-serine

Question 13

Bacitracin

Answer 13

Gram +, only used on skin

Question 14

Isoniazid

Answer 14

effective only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 15

Aminoglycosides

Answer 15

binds to 30S ribosomal subunit causing misreading of mRNA message

Question 16

Tetracyclines

Answer 16

binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits entrance of tRNA’s

Question 17

Chloramphenicol

Answer 17

binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of a peptide bond

Question 18

Macrolides

Answer 18

binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and prevents translocation of ribosome

Question 19

Para Amino Benzoic Acid

Answer 19

bacteria use it to make folic acid

Question 20

Platensimycin

Answer 20

disrupts fatty acid synthesis

Question 21

Therapeutic index

Answer 21

[toxicity]/[effectiveness]

Question 22

Kirby-Bauer Method

Answer 22

measure diameter of zone of inhibition

Question 23

Amantidine or Rimantadine

Answer 23

disrupt ion transport that makes it more acidic for uncoating

Question 24

HAART

Answer 24

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

Question 25

interferon

Answer 25

coordinate the transcription of anti-viral proteins

Question 26

Known resistance mechanisms

Answer 26

lacks the target; impermeable to antibiotic; alter the antibiotic; alter the target of antibiotic; pump out the antibiotic; shut down a metabolic pathway

Question 27

Bacteriophage therapy

Answer 27

use of virulent phage to treat bacterial infections; specific targeting, no side effects, no resistance, simple and cheap production

Question 28

Biofilm

Answer 28

microbial community attached to surface; not choosy; 2/3 of bacteria use this

Question 29

Quorum sensing

Answer 29

microbial communication; use autoinducers

Question 30

autoinducers

Answer 30

go back into the cell to start a 30-45% change in protein transcription

Question 31

cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate

Answer 31

inhibits flagellar motion; secretes exopolysaccharide

Question 32

Autoinducer in Gram -

Answer 32

Autoinducer Z

Question 33

Autoinducer in Gram +

Answer 33

short peptides

Question 34

furanones

Answer 34

can bind autoinducers; halogens added to increase variability

Question 35

Silver

Answer 35

used to treat biofilms

Question 36

Why form biofilms?

Answer 36

protection; stability; gene transfer; quorum sensing