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Bio 2 Lab > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

The terrestrial vertebrates are all ___ because they have four limbs.

A

Tetrapods

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2
Q

What is the largest group of vertebrates?

A

Ray-finned fishes

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3
Q

Fishes in order of evolution

A

Jawless fish, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes

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4
Q

Bony fishes include what two groups?

A
  • Ray-finned fishes

- lobe-finned fishes

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5
Q

The limbs of tetrapods are ___ appendages just like those of Arthropods.

A

Jointed

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6
Q

Do all animals develop in a water environment?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Urochordates

A

Tunicates, or sea squirts

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8
Q

___ are the only remaining chordate characteristic in adult tunicates.

A

Gill slits

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9
Q

Cephalochordates

A

Lancelets

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10
Q

Humans, as well as all living things, are made up of ___.

A

Cells

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11
Q

Groups of cells that have the same structural characteristics and perform the same functions are called ___.

A

Tissues

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12
Q

An ___ is composed of different types of tissues.

A

Organ

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13
Q

The many kinds of tissues in the human body are grouped into four types:

A

Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective

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14
Q

Chordates have what four things?

A
  • dorsal tubular nerve cord
  • dorsal supporting rod, notochord
  • postanal tail
  • pharyngeal pouches that become gill slits
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15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration

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16
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support

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17
Q

Muscular

A

Contraction of skeletal parts

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18
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Receive stimuli

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19
Q

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

Lines internal cavities, the heart, and blood vessels

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20
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

Found in tubules of kidney and ducts of many glands

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21
Q

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

Likes the digestive tract

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22
Q

Cardiac muscular tissue

A

Striated, but fibers are branched, bound at disks, found in heart

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23
Q

Smooth muscular tissue

A

Makes up walls of internal organs

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24
Q

Skeletal muscular tissue

A

Striated, light and dark bands, occurs in muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton

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25
What is meant by the expression involuntary muscle?
Muscle that contracts without conscious control
26
Three parts of a neuron
Dendrites, cell body, axon
27
Dendrites
Take signals to cell body
28
Cell body
Nucleus is located here
29
Axon
Takes nerve impulses away from the cell body
30
Why are certain types of connective tissue called support tissues?
It joins different parts of the body together
31
Stratified
Cell layers are placed on top of each other
32
Squamous
Flat
33
Epithelium
Thin tissue forming outer layer of a body's surface
34
Describe how you would recognize a slide of compact bone.
Lamellae - concentric rings Lacunae - cavities in lamellae Central canal - canal in center
35
What two features indicate that a pig is a mammal?
Mammory gland and hair
36
What difficulty would probably arise if a person were born without an epiglottis?
Choking on food and drink
37
What two cavities studied in this lab hold internal organs?
Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
38
Two principal organs in the thoracic cavity
Heart | Lungs
39
Heart
Pump for cardiovascular system
40
Lungs
Organs of respiratory system where has exchange occurs
41
What difficulty would arise if a person were born without a thymus gland?
Lymphocytes would not mature which would not allow for the ability to fight disease
42
Largest organ in the abdominal cavity
Liver
43
Liver
Disposing of worn-out red blood cells, producing bile, storing glycogen, maintaining the blood glucose level, producing blood proteins
44
Why is it proper to associate the gallbladder with the liver?
The liver produces bile, which is stored and released in the gallbladder
45
Where would you find the pancreas?
Between the stomach and small intestine
46
What are the four chambers of the mammalian heart?
Right and left atrium, right and left ventricle
47
Contrast the pumping function of the right and left sides of the heart.
Right - sends blood through the smaller pulmonary circuit | Left - sends blood through the much larger systemic circuit
48
Sequence the organs of the respiratory system from the glottis to the lungs.
Glottis, trachea, larynx, bronchi, lungs
49
What's the difference between the ureters and the urethra in the urinary system?
Ureters run from the kidneys to the bladder | Urethra runs from the bladder to exit the body
50
Sequence the path of sperm from the testes to the urogenital opening.
Testes, epididymides, vasa diferentia, urethra, penis
51
What organs enter the urogenital sinus in female pigs?
Vagina, urethra
52
Which organ in males produces sperm?
Testes
53
Which organs in females produces eggs?
Ovaries
54
How and when do speak acquire access to an egg in mammals?
Sorry travels up to the vagina, to the cervic, to the uterine horn where the egg is
55
An umbilical cord stretches externally between the fetal animals and the ___.
Placenta
56
How many nipples does your pig have?
16
57
The ___ is the space in the mouth that contains the tongue and the teeth.
Oral cavity
58
The ___ is dorsal to the oral cavity and has three openings.
Pharynx
59
The ___ is an opening through which air passes on its way to the ___ and lungs.
Glottis, trachea
60
The ___ is a portion of the digestive tract that leads through the neck and thorax to the stomach.
Esophagus
61
The ___ leads to the nasal passages.
Nasopharyx
62
___ covers the glottis.
Epiglottis
63
Structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Diaphragm
64
The central region of the diaphragm, called the ___, is a membranous area.
Central tendon
65
Lifting the flap with the umbilical cord requires cutting the ___.
Umbilical vein
66
The ___, or voice box, sits atop the ___, or windpipe.
Larynx, trachea
67
Thoracic cavity three compartments
Left pleural cavity Right pleural cavity Pericardial cavity
68
Left pleural cavity contains
Left lung
69
Right pleural cavity contains
Right lung
70
Pericardial cavity contains
The heart
71
The trachea, dorsal to the heart, divides into the ___, which enter the lungs.
Bronchi
72
The abdominal wall and organs are lined by a membrane called ___.
Peritoneum
73
Double-layered sheets of peritoneum, called ___, project from the body wall and support the organs.
Mesenteries
74
Stomach makes a curve to the right and narrows to join the anterior end of the small intestine called the ___.
Duodenum
75
The ___ is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
Pancreas
76
The ___ runs in the mesentery stretching the liver and the duodenum.
Bile duct
77
The ___ is part of the digestive tract that android water and prepares feces for defecation at the anus.
Large intestine
78
The ___ stores and releases bile, which aids the digestion of fat.
gallbladder
79
The first part of the large intestine, called the ___, has a projection called the vermiform appendix.
Cecum
80
What is the main portion of the large intestine?
Colon
81
In the pelvic region, the ___ is the last portion of the large intestine.
Rectum
82
The rectum leads to the ___.
Anus
83
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and two major circular pathways:
Pulmonary circuit | Systemic circuit
84
Kidney produces ___
Urine
85
Kidney is ___ shaped
Lima bean
86
___ in small intestine to increase surface area to make more enzymes.
Finger-like projections
87
Layer on top of heart
Thymus
88
___ used as landmark.
Coronary artery
89
Aorta, rectum on top of aorta, purplish one is ___
Inferior vena cava
90
Trachea looks
White rings
91
Thymus responsible for ___ maturation
T-cell

Bio 2 Lab (3 decks)

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