Final Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Realism
A
What we must do
2
Q
Plato’s Republic
A
Ideal v real
3
Q
Thrasymachus
A
Sophist (realist)
4
Q
Socrates
A
Idealist
5
Q
Conceptual framework
A
Backgrounds shape our understanding of politics
6
Q
Idealist period
A
Wake of WW1; effort to attain a perfect world
7
Q
Aristotle
A
Realist; learn by observation
8
Q
Machiavelli
A
Father of realism
9
Q
Hobbes
A
State of nature is brutal and short; social contract
10
Q
Locke
A
Natural rights; “life, liberty, and property”
11
Q
Rousseau
A
“The general will”; voice of the majority must speak for the common good
12
Q
Political theory
A
Complex and robust for elites
13
Q
Political ideology
A
Simple for masses
14
Q
Classic liberalism
A
People should generally be free of gov constraints
15
Q
Classic conservatism
A
Reaction to french monarch; wary of change
16
Q
Communism
A
Classless society
17
Q
Democratic socialism
A
Complete equality
18
Q
Reform liberalism
A
Gov regulates economy; removes major obstacles to individual goals
19
Q
Racism
A
Supremacy and purity of one group
20
Q
Politics
A
Individual or combined actions of individuals, governments, groups aimed at getting what they want accomplished with public consequences
21
Q
Babbie two realities
A
Experiential from direct experiences v agreement from interaction
22
Q
Collective action
A
Coordinated group activity to achieve a common goal that individuals alone could not attain
23
Q
Job’s 4 critical securities:
A
State–> borders and gov structures
Regime–> leaders protect hold
National–> protect interests of ethnic groups
Individual–> protect individuals
24
Q
Authority
A
Social structure that leads others to accept a persons control
25
Hierarchy
Broad, formalized governmental structure
26
Government
Institutionalize power for collective actions
27
Conflit
Most central part to group dynamics
28
Coser and conflict
Intergroup conflict increases willingness of group members
29
Green lantern theory
President can do anything with enough effort
30
Ideal v real on leadership judgement
Ideal: how effectively the provide
Real: leaders maximize self interest
31
Panopticon
Control with secret observation and harsh punishment
32
Revolutions
Mass uprising to replace the current gov
33
Atomization
Separate people to prevent from joining together
34
Peer policing
People police each other
35
Preference falsification
Hiding the way you feel
36
Limits on forceful control
Level of force needed relates to society's level of unhappiness
37
Legitimacy
Voluntary acceptance of government; bad for short term (opposed to force), good for long term
38
Intragroup conflict
Safety valve, expose cross cutting cleavages
39
Tragedy of the commons
Exploitation of shared resources
40
Enlightened self interest
Everyone's best interest is to preserve the commons; overlooks that calculations are not based on own behavior
41
Stag hunt
Interdependence of actions/choices affects collective efforts to attain a goal
42
Economic goal of government
Control means of production (mechanism to turn labor into wealth)
43
Humanist
Idealist interested in concerns for broader human condition and quality of people's lives
44
Capitalism (driving force, value, fatal flaw)
Driving force: competition
Value: efficiency
Fatal flaw: massive overexploitation
45
Socialism
Society has means of production; equal distribution
46
Structure
generic
47
Institution
Specific
48
Transaction cost
Time, effort, resources to make collective decisions
49
Conformity cost
Difference between what one part wants and what the collective body requires
50
Political culture
Political aspect of human nature of a local populace
51
Aristotle's 6 types of governments
```
Monarchy: rule by one for all
Dictatorship: rule by one for one
Aristocracy: rule by few for all
Oligarchy: rule by few for few
Polity: rule by all for all
Democracy: rule by many for many
```
52
Republic
No single authoritarian leader
53
Presidential system
Separate executive and legislature; more stable
54
Parliamentary system
Fusion of executive and legislature; more efficient
55
Social forces that led to separation between legislature and executive
Tradition (elder councils), religion (power of priesthood); banks (King had to tax)
56
Functions of legislatures
Lawmaking, representing, checking, legitimacy, educating
57
Politico
Delegate and trustee
58
Problems with presidential system
Imperial presidency, gridlock, divided government
59
Problems with parliamentary system
Policy stability, vote of no confidence
60
Problems with PR
Coalition, relevant party, immobilism, minority gov
61
Problems with SMD
Gerrymandering, pork barrel
62
Functions of authoritarian regime legislature
Advise, legitimate, educate
63
Bureaucracy
Position within administrative political culture; oversee day to day management
64
Bureaucracy function
Service, regulation, implementation, policy making
65
Max weber and bureaucracy
Must function like a machine with clear role assignment, rules, clear hierarchy, professionalism/merit
66
Bureaucracy flaws
Too consistent, inflexible, unresponsive, authority leakage (top-down gets distorted)
67
Idealism
What would be best
68
Iron triangle
Bureaucracy, interest groups and elected officials
69
Agency theory
Potential for bureaucratic responsiveness to public
70
Principal agent model
Bureaucracy and legislature is like a business contract
71
Cockroach theory
Bureaucracy avoids negative media attention to get funding
72
3 roles of courts
Dispute resolution, policy making, monitoring
73
Statutory interpretation
By defining how laws are interpreted courts do policy making
74
Injunctive power
Courts power to stop actions of government
75
Trial courts
Original jurisdiction; first hear and establish facts of the case
76
Appellate courts
Appellate jurisdiction; review records, can only disagree with law and process not facts
77
Civil law system
Codified, protect innocent; napoleonic
78
Inquisitorial
Prolonged pretrial investigation
79
Common law system
Judges base on customs and precedent; adversarial
80
Jurisprudence
Philosophy of law
81
Natural law
Higher law, originates with God/nature; discoverable through use of reason
82
Positivist jurisprudence
Laws can be studied as a body of principles that originate with the state but take own logic and rationality
83
Realist jurisprudence
Law is set of rules to meet needs of society
84
Private law
Private individuals and organizations
85
Public law
Government and individuals/organizations
86
Criminal law
Crime and punishment based on gov laws
87
Civil law
Relations between parties
88
Judicial review
Began with Marbury v Madison; when CJ Marshall created it because of Adams midnight appointments
89
Blacks median voter theorem
Win set of medians ideal point is an empty set
90
3 assumptions of blacks median voter theorem
Odd # group, full participation, sincere voting
91
Multidimensionality
No stable winset
92
Multidimensionality dolufion
Agenda setting and voting rules
93
Indifference circle/single peaked preferences
Want $8, don't care between $7.05 & $8.05
94
Plotts theorem
2 dimensions can find radial symmetry
95
McKelveys chaos theorem
Plotts theorem is so sensitive that you still get cycles
96
Rational choice/positive politics theorem
Rely on assumptions of self interested rational actions
97
Normative
What ought to be
98
Positive
How it is
99
Rationality assumptions
People have complete, transitive preferences and we can assign utility/worth to outcomes
100
Expected utility
Probability of an event occurring x its utility
101
Cohesion trade off
Between cohesive preferences and fairness
102
Cohesive preference
How fair is a decision?
103
Moraski & Shipen data
Past nominations, ideological location of nominees 1949-1994
104
Moraski & Shipen dependent variable
Segal cover score of ideological scaling
105
Moraski & Shipen independent variable
ACLU/ADA score and Supreme Court voting scores
106
Moraski & Shipen hypothesis
Unconstrained-->P; Constrained-->J; semi-constrained-->Is
107
Moraski & Shipen problems
Small sample size, presidential term, assumes political vacuum, no infinite number of court nominees
108
Moraski & Shipen regimes
Unconstrained: S--P--J
Semi constrained: P--S--J
Fully constrained: P--J--S
109
Electoral system
Large scale to elect legislatures
110
Fundamental basis for 2 types of electoral systems
Governance: how well members act independently/decisive; representation: stronger ideological representation
111
SMD/FPP
each voter gets 1 vote for any candidate, most votes wins
112
Single non transferable vote
Voter gets one vote, multiple candidates win
113
Limited vote
Voter gets several votes, must distribute, multiple candidates elected
114
Cumulative vote
Voter gets several votes, don't have to distribute, multiple candidates elected
115
Single transferable vote
Mark preference ranking, votes redistributed if exceed quota
116
Differences in PR systems
Threshold? Fractional seats?
117
Duverger's Law
Plurality --> 2 party
118
Voting methods
Small scale
119
Single plurality vote
1 vote for 1 option, most votes wins
120
Plurality runoff
1 vote for 1 option, top 2 go into a runoff
121
Sequential runoff
1 vote for 1 option, lowest gets eliminated, runoff, repeat
122
Borda count
Rank options (except lowest), points tallied
123
Condorcet procedure
Pair off alternatives and determine if overall winner
124
Approval voting
Approve some and tally
125
Debt
Consistent, long term, cumulative
126
Budget deficit
Year to year
127
What affects the debt
Overwhelming entitlement spending
128
Negative agenda power
Blocking something
129
Dummy variable
One-zero, ie democrat or not
130
Errors
Systematic > random
131
Krehbiel theory
Individual preferences matter more than party
132
Why does party have less influence?
No control over nominating, members raise $ independently, us has broad parties, us parties are unpopular
133
A to Z spending bill
Cuts debt, created by Dem without party's support, has Dem wafflers
134
Waffler
Cosponsor who won't sign/vote
135
Krehbiel methods
Ideology of members via voting scores from 1 conservative interest group and 1 liberal interest group
136
Binder et. al
Party matters more than individual preferences
137
Party has influence because:
Punish with agenda setting, committee assignment, provides member cues, voters vote party line, party does give some $
138
Issues with Krehbiel
Interest group scores are heavily biased
139
Binder et al methods
Concord coalition scores
