Final Flashcards
1
Q
Which fluid is contained by joint capsule, feels like a water balloon, and moves when palpated then returns?
A
joint effusion
2
Q
Which fluid is in the interstitial space, and when you press on tissue with finger a dent remains
A
edema
3
Q
What does PRICES stand for?
A
Protect, Rest, Ice Compress, Elevate, Support
4
Q
Wraps should be done which direction?
A
distal to proximal
5
Q
In addition to PRICES, what other modalities could you add to the acute treatment?
A
Pulsed US, Laser, TENS (sensory level- IF, Premod, HiVolt)
6
Q
What is the treatment time for intermittent compression?
A
10-30 minutes, up to 3 or 4 hours
7
Q
Intermittent compression can be combined with?
A
cooling
8
Q
Athletic tape stretches in _____ minutes.
A
20-30
9
Q
Bracing may _______ muscle action.
A
inhibit
10
Q
When structural and functional integrity of the joint is not severely compromised, ________ is better for ambulatory aids.
A
weight-bearing
11
Q
For fitting crutches, the crutch tip should be?
A
6 inches from outer margin of shoe, 2 inches in front of shoe
12
Q
For fitting crutches, the arm brace should be?
A
1-2 inches below anterior axillary fold
13
Q
For fitting crutches, the hand brace should be?
A
elbow flexed to 30 degrees
14
Q
What are the risks of improper use or fit of crutches
A
abnormal stresses, l(umbar/pelvic subluxation, low back strain, hip strain) crutch palsy (pressure on axillary nerve and vessels, temporary or permanent numbness)
15
Q
For a tripod gait, the crutch tips move ______ inches ahead of feet.
A
15-Dec
16
Q
Which tripod gait is faster?
A
Swing-through
17
Q
Which tripod gait requires more coordination?
A
Swing-through
18
Q
Which tripod gait is easier?
A
Swing-to
19
Q
Tripod gait, partial weight bearing is aka?
A
four-point
20
Q
In a four-point gait, the _________ leg and crutches move forward together.
A
affected
21
Q
What is the preferred gait for going up and down stairs with crutches?
A
handrail
22
Q
Going up stairs on crutches with a handrail stair gait, the _________ leg steps first, followed by _________.
A
unaffected leg, follow with crutches and involved leg
23
Q
Going down stairs on crutches with a handrail stair gait, what is the order?
A
crutches first, then affected leg, then unaffected leg
24
Q
What is the order for tripod stair gait when going up stairs with crutches?
A
step up with unaffected leg, crutches and affected leg follow
25
What is the order for tripod stair gait when going down stairs with crutches?
crutches and affected leg step down first, unaffected leg follows
26
Where does a properly sized cane line up?
superior aspect of greater trochanter
27
Cane is used on ________ side of involvement
opposite
28
Cane moves ______ the involved side
with
29
What does TLSO stand for?
Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthosis
30
What does CTLSO stand for?
Cervico Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthosis
31
What type of brace is a Boston brace?
TLSO
32
Boston brace is aka
under arm brace
33
What kind of curve is a Boston Brace used for?
thoracolumbar scoliosis
34
How long is a Boston Brace worn for?
at least 23 hours a day
35
What type of brace is a Milwaukee brace?
CTLSO
36
The Milwaukee brace is similar to the Boston brace except?
includes a neck ring held in place by vertical bars attached to the body of the brace
37
How long is a Milwaukee brace worn?
at least 23 hours a day
38
How long is a Charleston brace worn?
only at night during sleeping hours
39
What is a Jewett brace?
for spinal fractures, TLSO, hyperextension
40
What is a Voigt-Bahler brace?
for spinal fractures, TLSO, hyperextension
41
Trochanteric/Sacroiliac belts support _____________
SI joints and pelvis (force closure of joints)
42
What patients may benefit from trochanteric/Sacroiliac belts?
pregnant and post-partum females with SI joint pain
43
Sacroiliac belts causes gapping of SI joints if worn _________
over trochanters
44
There is weak evidence that lumbar supports may do what?
reduce risk of re-injury for low back injuries
45
Should lumbar supports be used to protect the low backs of workers who have not been injured?
no- may cause more severe injury
46
What are some risks associated with lumbar supports?
for those who haven't been injured, may risk more severe injury, increased blood pressure, may give people the impression that they can lift more, some may have worse biomechanics
47
Should lumbar supports be used long-term?
no
48
Before recommending a lumbar support, what should the patient be screened for?
cardiovascular risk
49
Knee bracing protects from what kind of blows?
lateral
50
Bracing ______ hamstring reflexes
slows
51
Elastic taping _______ hamstring reflexes
improves
52
Both neoprene sleeves and rigid braces appear to improve __________
proprioception in patients with deficits
53
What is a Cho-Pat brace used for
knee- osgood-schlatters
54
When is a walking boot used
fracture, severe sprain, post surgical
55
Ankle stirrup allows what movements? What movements does it inhibit?
allows flexion/extension, not inversion/eversion
56
What is a Strassburg sock used for?
plantar fasciitis
57
Which type of cervical collar is appropriate for someone with a suspected neck fracture?
philidephia
58
Which type of cervical collar is appropriate for someone following sprain/strain injuries
soft cervical
59
What are some indications for massage?
superficial adhesions, circulatory stasis, congestions, edema, myalgia, tension headaches
60
What are some contraindications for massage?
arteriosclerosis, thrombosis/embolism, severe varicosities, cellulitis, synovitis, abscesses and skin infections, acute inflammatory conditions
61
Effleurage is performed ________ the orientation of the fibers of the targeted muscle tissue
in parallel with
62
Effleurage is applied with
palm of hand or flats of fingers
63
Long stroking motions is associated with what type of massage
eflleurage
64
Kneading the muscle with one or both hands is associated with what type of massage
petrissage
65
Tapotement is?
series of rapid blows (massage)
66
Manual vibration is performed _________ the orientation of the targeted muscle fibers
perpendicular
67
What are some types of mechanical vibratory devices
G5, Genie Rub, Thumber
68
What frequency mechanical vibration should be used to relax spasticity or decrease trigger points?
high
69
What frequency mechanical vibration should be used to decrease congestion, edema, or stasis?
low
70
What are the treatment times for vibratory massage for trigger points?
6-8 minutes (1 minute per point)
71
What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for muscle relaxation?
up to 10 minutes
72
What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for postural drainage
up to 15 minutes
73
What is the treatment time for vibratory massage for general body relaxation
5 minutes
74
What name is associated with cross-friction massage
James Cyriax
75
Cross-friction massage is used over
ligaments, tendons, muscles
76
What is cross-friction massage used to do
loosen scar tissue and adhesions, aid in absorption of local edema, mobilize ligaments, tendons, scars, restore mobility
77
What are some examples of positional traction?
knee to chest, side lying on a roll to open an IVF
78
What are the theoretical physiologic effects of traction?
encourages spinal mobility, enhances intersegmental mobility, change in overall spine length, change in intervertebral space, decrease pain, parasthesia, decrease pressure on structures
79
What are the physiologic effects of traction on ligaments?
activation of proprioceptors to decrease pain, restoration of normal length
80
What are the physiologic effects of traction on discs?
decreased discal pressure, imbibition of disc for proper nutrition, unstable reduction of herniation
81
What are the physiologic effects of traction on facet joints?
increases separation, decompression, proprioceptive discharge may decrease pain
82
What are the physiologic effects of traction on musculature?
stretching, improve blood flow, activation of proprioceptors
83
What are the physiologic effects of traction on nerves?
decrease compression, improved blood supply to nerve tissue, decrease of inflammatory products
84
What is more tolerable to the patient- intermittent or sustained traction?
intermittent, tolerable both at higher forces and for longer duration
85
Which allows more decompression of disc- intermittent or sustained traction?
sustained
86
Which has shorter treatment times- intermittent or sustained traction?
intermittent
87
What is the traction phase for short phase intermittent traction?
less than 10 seconds
88
What is the traction phase for long phase intermittent traction?
more than 10 seconds
89
What are the indications for spinal traction?
disc protrusion, disc herniation/prolapse, nerve root impingement, spondylolisthesis, joint hypomobility, arthritis conditions of facet joints, mechanically produced muscle spasm, joint pain, scoliosis
90
What are some contraindications for spinal traction?
fractures, joint instability or hypermobility, tumors, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, bone and joint infections, osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, vertebral artery occlucion, pregnancy (cervical is ok), hiatal hernia and abdominal hernia, displaced disc fragment and cord compression
91
What are some precautions for spinal traction?
acute spinal conditions, hypertension and respiratory disease, spinal surgery, dentures (cervical pulley only), breathing problems (lumbar only)
92
What is the patient position for mechanical lumbar traction?
2 harness, pelvic and thoracic, patient with hips/knees flexed
93
How much force is used with mechanical lumbar traction?
30-60% of body weight
94
What is the treatment time for mechanical lumbar traction?
10-30 min
95
What is a Saunders device?
harness for mechanical cervical traction
96
What should the head/neck angle be for cervical traction?
neutral to 30 degrees flexion
97
How much force is used with cervical traction?
20-30% of body weight
98
How much weight should you begin with for cervical traction?
15-25 pounds
99
What is the max tolerance for cervical traction?
usually 40-50 pounds
100
Is inversion recommended?
no
101
What are the contraindications and precautions for inversion?
heart disease, hypertension, glaucoma, sinus infections and asthma, migraines, detached retina
102
What are the stages of the death and dying model
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
103
How applicable is the death and dying model for athletic injury?
not good
104
Cognitive Appraisal Models of pain state that response to injury depends on?
understanding of the injury
105
What is the purpose of pain?
warns of impending injury, essential for survival, protects the body, signifies something is wrong, limits further injury
106
Which mechanoreceptors are associated with pressure and touch
meissners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles
107
Which mechanoreceptors are associated with skin stretch/pressure?
Merkle cells, Ruffini endings
108
What proprioceptors are associated with change in muscle length and spindle tension
Golgi Tendon organs
109
Which proprioceptors are associated with change in joint position
pacinian corpuscles
110
Which proprioceptors are associated with joint end range
Ruffini endings
