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Pharmacology N2100 > Final - 4/5 > Flashcards

Final - 4/5 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

mechanism of action & classify Bethanecol

A
  • direct cholinergic agonist
  • decrease urinary retention by prompting bladder contraction
  • increase peristalsis & GI secretions
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2
Q

1 nursing consideration for Bethanechol

A

do not give IM or IV

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3
Q

mechanism of action & classification of pyridostigmine

A
  • indirect acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • treat myasthenia gravis = decrease skeletal muscle weakness & fatigue used in the military to prevent potential nerve gas effects
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4
Q

what drug is used to treat muscarinic/cholinergic crisis

A

atropine = deadly night shade plant

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5
Q

primary use of atropine

A
  • preoperative drug = decrease salivation = so pt. doesn’t aspirate
  • also: increase HR & dilate pupils
  • also: treat hypermotility of GI tract (slows peristalsis)
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6
Q

mechanism of action & classification for epinephrine

A
  • nonselective adrenergic agonist/neurotransmitter
  • intense short reaction
  • decrease allergic reaction: treat anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest
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7
Q

amount of epinephrine at the synapse effects…

A

amount of response

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8
Q

what reabsorbs/metabolizes epinephrine

A

MAO or COMT

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9
Q

what secretes epinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

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10
Q

T/F: epinephrine also acts as a hormone

A

T

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11
Q

Fact about epinephrine:

- amount present in blood at any times depends on the _____ being experiences and function of _____ _____

A

stress, adrenal medulla

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12
Q

T/F: there is never any contraindications if you can save someone’s life using epinephrine

A

T

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13
Q

interactions of epineprhine

A
  1. beta-blockers

2. alpha adrenergic blockers

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14
Q

What do you have to do if you are using epinephrine IV

A

you HAVE to have pt. on cardiac monitor

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15
Q

What should you always be working on when using epinephrine

A

treating the underlying cause for the reason you’re having to use epinephrine

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16
Q

mechanism of action & classification of Albuterol

A
  • selective beta2-adrenergic agonist

- treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD

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17
Q

mechanism of action & classification of phenylephrine

A
  • alpha adrenergic agonist

- treat nasal decongestion, treats hypotension

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18
Q

is phenylephrine appropriate for hypertension

A

No! It treats hypotension

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19
Q

mechanism of action & classification of Prazosin

A
  • alpha adrenergic antagonist

- control HTN, treat BPH, refractory CHF

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20
Q

2 nursing considerations for Prazosin

A
  1. 1st dose effects: creates significant drop on BP the 1st time pt. takes it
  2. hold med if systolic < 100
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21
Q

mechanism of actions & classification of Propranolol

A
  • nonselective beta adrenergic blocker

- control HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina, MI

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22
Q

2 nursing considerations for Proranolol

A
  1. should ween off slowly

2. hold med if systolic < 100, pulse < 60

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23
Q

mechanism of action of acetaminophen (tylenol)

A

reduction of fever & pain

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24
Q

does tylenol treat inflammation

A

no

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25
2 contraindications with acetominophen
1. sever liver or kidney disease | 2. alcoholism
26
2 interactions with tylenol
1. increase effect c caffeine | 2. alcohol increases hepatotoxicity
27
side effects of tylenol
- A, N, V, D - severe hypoglycemia - renal failure - oliguria - dizziness - lethargy - chills - abdominal pain
28
what medication is most likely used if pt. is allergic to aspirin
acetaminophen
29
what is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose
acetylcysteine
30
acetaminophen intoxication is most damaging to the ____
liver
31
3 things to look for in pt. taking acetaminophen
1. alcohol use 2. jaundice 3. difference in stool/urine color
32
mechanism of action of aspirin
- reduced pain, inflammation & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; prevent platelet aggregation = decrease clotting by making platelets "slippery"
33
contraindication of aspirin
pregnancy
34
common side effect with aspirin
tinnitus (because of effects of prostaglandins on stomach)
35
aspirin + alcohol =
GI bleeding
36
aspirin + ibuprofen =
GI side effects
37
aspirin + tylenol =
nephrotoxicity
38
aspirin + caffeine =
anacin: increased absorption rate of aspirin = helps work better
39
one important nursing consideration for aspirin
avoid giving children aspirin if suspected to have cold, flu, or fever
40
Mechanism of action of ibuprofen
reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
41
4 contraindications of ibuprofen
1. alcohol 2. other NSAIDS 3. steroids = increase GI side effects 4. pregnancy
42
side effect of ibuprofen
GI bleeding
43
what can happen if you overdose on ibuprofen
renal failure
44
important nursing consideration/pt. teaching for ibuprofen
stop 7-14 days before surgery
45
mechanism of action of celecoxib
reduction of inflammation, pain, & fever, and also used for arthritis
46
side effects of celecoxib
- MI | - stroke
47
mechanism of action of morphine
asthma c respiratory depression, increased ICP, head injury, shock
48
side effects of morphine
- pruritis - resp. depression - increased ICP - constipation - N, V
49
antidote for morphine
narcan (nalaxone)
50
should you push IV narcotics (morphine) quickly or slowly
slowly!
51
2 nursing considerations for morphine
1. hold med if RR < 12 | 2. report to MD if RR < 10
52
mechanism of action of nalaxone
reverse ALL effects of narcotics/opioids (including therapeutic effects)
53
mechanism of action of tramadol
has weak opioid activity | - prevents norepinephrine & serotonin reuptake = blocks pain transmission for moderate pain relief
54
what schedule is tramadol
IV
55
2 nursing considerations/pt. teaching for tramadol
1. can be fatal = do not use in those who are suicidal | 2. alcohol can cause death with this drug
56
mechanism of action of sumatriptan
serotonin agonist | - antimigraine by constricting cranial blood vessels (causes intracranial vasoconstriction)
57
contraindications of sumatriptan
- MAOIs & SSRIs (do not use within 14 days)
58
side effects of sumatriptan
- tingling | - warm or cold sensation
59
2 nursing considerations for sumatriptan
1. can not use SQ > 2 injections in 24 hours & they must be atleast 1 hr apart 2. so not take within 14 days of surgery
60
mechanism of action of colchicine
- acute gout attacks | - prevents inflammation process from reacting to crystals
61
what is the cochicine dose for acute attacks
1.2 mg po then 0.6 mg qh until pain is resolved (max: 18 mg/h)
62
mechanism of action for allopurinol
- gout treatment | - blocks the action of xanthine oxidase = prevents formation of uric acid = lowers serum uric acid levels
63
3 nursing considerations for allopurinol
1. avoid foods c legumes, salmon, & mushrooms 2. take with food 3. increase fluid intake 2-4 liters per day
64
is allopurinol safe during pregnancy
no!

Pharmacology N2100 (26 decks)

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