Final

Question 1

The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health.

Answer 1

Health promotion

Question 2

The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health.

Answer 2

Health education

Question 3

One of the most important factors contributing to premature morbidity and mortality.

Answer 3

Behavior

Question 4

A self-help approach that views successful lifestyle change as possible, but only with considerable planning.

Answer 4

Biopsychosocial model

Question 5

Series of stages of behavioral change (6).

Answer 5

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination

Question 6

What does SMART mean?

Answer 6

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Timely

Question 7

A patient-centered, directive counseling style that aims to help people explore and resolve their ambivalence about behavior change.

Answer 7

Motivational interviewing

Question 8

What is ambivalence?

Answer 8

A state of mind in which a person has coexisting, but conflicting feelings about something (wanting to change but not wanting to change)

Question 9

Methods to enhance motivation (4).

Answer 9

OARS (Open-ended questions, Affirm, Reflective listening and Summarize)

Question 10

Which motivational method helps connect what the speaker means and what the listener thinks the speaker means?

Answer 10

Reflective listening

Question 11

Definition of maternal, infant and child health (MIC).

Answer 11

The health of women of childbearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, the postpartum period and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence

Question 12

Definition of family planning.

Answer 12

The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one’s family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference

Question 13

How many pregnancies are unintentional?

Answer 13

1/2

Question 14

How many unintended pregnancies end in abortion?

Answer 14

1/2

Question 15

What was the court ruling in Roe v. Wade?

Answer 15

Made it unconstitutional for state laws to prohibit abortion

Question 16

Pro-life is a medical/ethical position that holds that abortion is:

Answer 16

An act of murder

Question 17

Pro-choice is a medical/ethical position that holds that abortion is:

Answer 17

A woman’s right to reproductive freedom

Question 18

The health of a woman in the childbearing years, including those in the pre-pregnancy period, those who are pregnant and those caring for young children.

Answer 18

Maternal health

Question 19

The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.

Answer 19

Maternal mortality

Question 20

Medical care provided to a pregnant woman from the time of conception until birth.

Answer 20

Prenatal health care

Question 21

Infant health depends on (6).

Answer 21

Mother’s health, prenatal care, quality of delivery, infant’s environment after birth, nutrition and essential medical services

Question 22

How much more likely is a child to be born at a low-birth weight to a mother who didn’t receive prenatal care?

Answer 22

3x

Question 23

How much more likely will the baby die in infancy if the mother doesn’t receive prenatal care?

Answer 23

4x

Question 24

Infant mortality is defined as:

Answer 24

Death of a child

Question 25

Risk factors of SIDS.

Answer 25

Prone sleeping posture (supine is best) and parents who smoke/co-sharing when the parents smoke

Question 26

True/False: Data indicated that all deceased infants exhibiting atlas inversion into the foramen magnum were victims of SIDS, but not all SIDS infants exhibited atlas inversion.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Babies who die from SIDS make low amounts of _____ to regulate sleep, breathing and heart rate.

Answer 27

Serotonin

Question 28

What is the best source of nutrition for optimal growth, development and immune protection for babies?

Answer 28

Breastfeeding

Question 29

Infants should be exclusively breastfed for how long?

Answer 29

The first 6 months of life

Question 30

The WIC program is administered by which government agency?

Answer 30

USDA

Question 31

The biggest major source of solid waste comes from:

Answer 31

Agriculture (51%)

Question 32

Which law governs the disposal of solid and hazardous waste?

Answer 32

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

Question 33

Types of solid waste management (3).

Answer 33

Collection and disposal, Source reduction and Recycling

Question 34

What is the most common method of disposal? Second most common?

Answer 34

Most common: Sanitary landfills | Second: Combustion/incineration

Question 35

Benefits of source reduction (4).

Answer 35

Conserves resources, Less waste disposal, Reduces toxicity and Saves money/reduce cost

Question 36

Benefits of recycling (6).

Answer 36

Decreases need for landfills/combustion, Saves energy, Decreases greenhouse gases, Conserves resources, Minimizes risk to environment and Cleaner land, water and ecology

Question 37

Which regulation was established by RCRA to control hazardous wastes from generation to disposal?

Answer 37

Cradle-to-grave regulation

Question 38

Hazardous waste management is regulated by which government agency?

Answer 38

EPA

Question 39

The most common way to manage hazardous wastes?

Answer 39

Deep well injection

Question 40

What is the best solution to hazardous waste management?

Answer 40

Hazardous waste recycling

Question 41

Which legislation created a priority list that makes responsible parties pay for cleanup of hazardous waste?

Answer 41

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA)

Question 42

Which populations are especially susceptible to airborne pollutants?

Answer 42

Children and elderly

Question 43

Which legislation was passed that set limits on pollution (CO, sulfur oxides, NO, lead, etc.)?

Answer 43

Clean Air Act

Question 44

Provisions of the Clean Air Act are carried out by which agency?

Answer 44

EPA

Question 45

The major cause of destruction of the ozone layer comes from:

Answer 45

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Question 46

The key component of environmental health.

Answer 46

Water

Question 47

Two new types of pollutants in waterways.

Answer 47

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs)

Question 48

EDCs are also called:

Answer 48

Xenoestrogens

Question 49

True/False: Water for human consumption is regulated by both state and federal laws.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

The quality of municipal drinking water is regulated by which agency?

Answer 50

EPA

Question 51

Wastewater is also called:

Answer 51

Liquid waste or sewage

Question 52

The purpose of wastewater treatment is to:

Answer 52

Improve quality to be able to release back into the environment

Question 53

What percentage of pollutants are removed by typical wastewater treatment?

Answer 53

85-95%

Question 54

Energy released when atoms split, that is harmful to living organisms is called:

Answer 54

Radiation

Question 55

Forms of natural radiation (3).

Answer 55

Extraterrestrial radiation, Terrestrial radiation and Internal radiation

Question 56

Forms of Human-made radiation (3).

Answer 56

X-rays, Nuclear medicine/weapons/power plants, Consumer products (TVs)

Question 57

The most common form of radiation comes from:

Answer 57

Radon

Question 58

Which form of UV radiation causes the most harm to humans?

Answer 58

UV-B (290-330 nm)

Question 59

What is the #1 cause of lung cancer in non-smokers and the #2 cause of lung cancer overall?

Answer 59

Radon

Question 60

How many nuclear power plants are located in the US?

Answer 60

103 in 31 states

Question 61

Which population is most vulnerable to chemical assaults?

Answer 61

Children

Question 62

Which legislation allowed the CDC to provide grants to allow states to provide lead screenings?

Answer 62

The Lead Contamination Control Act

Question 63

Most widely used chemical hazards.

Answer 63

Herbicides (kill plants) and Insecticides (kill insects)

Question 64

Foodborne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) happen when:

Answer 64

2 or more cases of a similar illness result from ingestion of a common food

Question 65

Top 5 pathogens of foodborne illnesses.

Answer 65

Norovirus (58%), Salmonella (11%), Clostridium perfringens (10%), Campylobacter spp (9%) and Staph aureus (3%)

Question 66

Musculoskeletal conditions account for how many deaths per year?

Answer 66

About 5 million

Question 67

The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) was established by which agency?

Answer 67

CDC

Question 68

The mission of NCIPC is to:

Answer 68

Prevent injuries and violence and to reduce their consequences

Question 69

The leading cause of death among persons 44 years old or younger.

Answer 69

Unintentional injuries

Question 70

Intentional injuries account for ____ of all injuries.

Answer 70

1/3 or 33%

Question 71

The leading causes of death for persons aged 15-34 years old.

Answer 71

Homicide (#2) and Suicide (#3) Unintentional injuries is #1

Question 72

Intentional injuries are the most common causes of:

Answer 72

Nonfatal violence (65%)

Question 73

Top 3 unintentional injury fatalities.

Answer 73

Traffic crashes, Poison and Falls

Question 74

Alcohol-impairment accounts for ____ of all traffic-crash deaths.

Answer 74

40%

Question 75

The highest risk of a traffic crash lies in which age group?

Answer 75

16-19 years old

Question 76

Poisonings occur most commonly in ____ aged _____.

Answer 76

Males; 45-49 years old

Question 77

The leading cause of injury deaths among older adults.

Answer 77

Falls

Question 78

What percentage of adults 65 and older fall each year in the US?

Answer 78

Over 1/3

Question 79

Most Americans aged 22-65 spend how much of their waking hours at work?

Answer 79

40-50%

Question 80

The number of reported work injuries has decreased due to (3).

Answer 80

Improved health and safety efforts, Tech advances and A more service-based economy

Question 81

_____ percent of all injured workers account for _____ percent of all total costs.

Answer 81

Less than 10%; more than 80%

Question 82

The most prevalent work-related injury is:

Answer 82

Lower back pain

Question 83

MSDs account for ___ percent of work injuries and illnesses with days away from work.

Answer 83

30%

Question 84

The leading type of injury and illness is _____, and the most affected region of the body is the ____.

Answer 84

Sprains and strains; Trunk (back/shoulder)

Question 85

What accounts for 1/3 of all workplace injuries, resulting in the longest absences from work?

Answer 85

Ergonomics-related injuries

Question 86

Chiropractic interventions are geared toward:

Answer 86

Improving function and good ergonomics

Question 87

The lifetime prevalence of back and neck pain.

Answer 87

85%

Question 88

The most common ailment treated by DCs and MDs is:

Answer 88

Lower back pain

Question 89

Lower back pain is more common in ____, while lower back injury is more common in _____.

Answer 89

Females; males

Question 90

The most frequent diagnosis in LBP is:

Answer 90

Disc degeneration

Question 91

Majority of neck pain occurs in patients aged:

Answer 91

18-64 years

Question 92

Neck pain tends to stabilize between:

Answer 92

45-64 years

Question 93

Neck pain is more common in:

Answer 93

Females

Question 94

Lower back pain is an area of focus for the:

Answer 94

HP 2020 initiative