Final Flashcards by Allison Marantz

Fredrick Church

Niagara

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Is done from the Canadian side

Represents the falls without any buildings

The tower in the background was built in 1830 and blown up in 1870

Niagara Falls was called the wonder of wonder

Rainbow in the left. (represents noah’s ark)(during that time God promised to never cause that kind of terrible thing again)

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Thomas Cole

Oxbow

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Painted based on his visits there

Is included in the painting with an easel

Cole is facing away from the man altered landscape

Is also called View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, MA after a thunderstorm

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Thomas Cole

Voyage of Life: Youth

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

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Asher Durand

Kindred Spirits

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Landscape is the Katskill Mountains in NY

Thomas Cole (holding a red portfolio and wearing a yellow hat)

William Colom Briant (american poet)

Has to do with the Clauden Formula

Threesome(holy trinity)(art,nature,religion)(cole,briant,durran)

Was painted a year after cole died (bird flying is said to be him)

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Jasper Cropsey

Autumn-On The Hudson River

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

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Fredrick Church

Heart Of The Andes

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Was done in his studio

Is a bunch of scenes he saw in South America

Christian shrine on the left

Signed and dated the painting on the tree trunk on the left that is very bright

Is described as the right place at the right time

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Alexander von Humboldt

Kosmos

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Deticated to the landscape painter (told people to go to the equater)

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Charles Darwin

On The Orgin of Species by the Means of Natural Selection

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Went to Golopigoes Islands off of the ewador in South America

Found creation happening over a long long time

Was taking God out of nature (didn’t mean to)

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Fredric Church

Cotopaxi

Hudson River School 1820-1865

Are celebrated mountains in the Andes

Is a volcano

Is a fiction painting (never saw it arupt)

Got bright colors from fresh paints from the art store

Civil War going on (political metaphor)

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Fredric Church

Twilight in the Wilderness

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Political metahpor (the calm before the storm)(storm=civil war)

In the Aderondacks (North America)

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Albert Bierstadt

The Rocky Mountains, Landers Peak

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Can tell its American by indians in forground

Clauden Formula

Butchering bear in the front

The body of water is very bright (looks like a Copley table top)

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Albert Bierstadt

Among The Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA

Hudson River School: 1820-1865

Deer identifies it as North American

Clauden formula used

Exaderaded the mountains

The Civil War ended, the country is trying to find itself

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Fredrick Law Olmsted and Vaux

Central Park

Romantic Landscape Design: 1776-1865

In Manhattan

In 19th century was thought to be unusable

William Bryant said its necessary to have a park like this in NY

Was meant to be perly demecratic

Walking, bike, carriage trails

Bow Bridge goes through park (largest)

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Robert Smithson

Spiral Jetty

Earthwork: 1960-present

Walls built to protect beach aroshon

Is site specific

150,000 ft long and 15 ft wide

Was the site of an abandon oil rig

When the water pulls it turns pink

Was full demicrated art

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Running Fence

Earthwork: 1960-present

Was only visible for two weeks

September 10-23

Was site specific

North of San Fransico on CA coast

Was 24.5 miles long crossed 59 private ranches

Was meant for pleasure

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Central Park Gates

Earthwork: 1960-present

Only up for 16 days

Used a saphran color nixlon fabric for each gate

7,503 gates placed on the walkways

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Walter DeMaria

New York Earth Room

Earthwork: 1960-present

3rd Earth room, only still intact

Used earth from NY state nursery

200,080 lbs of Earth, 22 inches deep

holy relic, religious object that was used that is put on display

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John Fredrick Kensett

Beacon Rock, Newport Harbor

Luminism: 1850-1875

A visual contiment to transindentilism

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John Fredrick Kensett

Shrewsbury River

Luminism: 1850-1875

A visual comtiment to transindentalism

Emerson said the health of the eye demans a horizon

Kensett heard Emerson’s lecture

Emerson said the sky is the daily bread of our eyes (provides nurishment)

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Lane

Owl’s Head, Penobscot Bay

Luminism: 1850-1875

Is the coast of Maine

Shown still and quiet

Has a golden glow

3/4 of the painting is the sky (Emerson)

Would grid the scooter boats to get more detailed design

Emerson wanted the exact and the vas

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Lane

Brace’s Rock

Luminism: 1850-1875

In Glouster Massaschusets

Arranged the rocks in a horizontal format

Wanted the empheses of light to relate to God

Heade

Thunder Storm on Narragansett Bay

Luminism: 1850-1875

Men are bringing in their equitment before storm

Very dark

Cross like object on left

Sky covers 2/3 of painting (luministic characteristic)

William Sydney Mount

The Truant Gamblers

Romanticism: 1776-1865

Older man carrying a pitchfork

Kids look like they are drinking and gambling

Mount would talk to the dead and talked to Rembrandt

Used a lot of Rembrandts techniques

William Sydney Mount

The Painter’s Triumph

Romanticism: 1776-1865

Viewer can’t see painting

Historic painting in background (shows education)

Mount in the painting

Golden glow (rembrandt technique)

William Sydney Mount Eel Spearing at Setauket Romanticism: 1776-1865 People in boat Very luministic Boat seats to be sitting on water Two adults and an animal

George Bingham Fur Traders Descending the Missouri Romanticism: 1776-1865 People in boat Very luministic Boat seats to be sitting on water Two adults and an animal

George Bingham Jolly Flatboatman Romanticism: 1776-1865 People dancing on a boat The pole makes strong horizontal manufest destiny (concurring the west)

John Rogers Slave Auction Romanticism: 1776-1865 Made in plaster Would be painted bashe or gray (to look like stone) Did genre paintings Would put title on base Mother holding child and other child holding her while father was being sold

Thomas Jefferson Virginia State Capitol Neoclassicism: 1776-1865 First true neoclassism building on a surviving ancient Roman Temple Has pediments Used ionic collums Used a house he found as a refrence Was white to look like marble Masconari was the temple he went off of Had front entrance staircase

Doric - strong and sterty. (Greeks prefered)(most simple) Ionic - a little more detailed (has base)(two scrolls on top) Corinthian - Roman prefered (rows of leaves on top)(used acantus leaves)

Thomas Jefferson Monticello Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Was Jefferson's Home Planned to be his villa after presidency Built on mountain top so you can look out Had a lot of slaves Has (low saucer dome)(portico)(perfectly symetrical)(free standing columns)

Thomas Jefferson University of Virginia Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Believed learning should take place in a healthy place Believed students and faculty should live together Was the first non-religious should of higher education Pavilions (1st floor classrooms)(2nd floor faculty lived) Students lived in connecting buildings to faculty

James Hoban and Benjamin Latrobe The White House Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Jefferson wanted to design the White House James Hoban was the first to design this house and got $500 Was built by slave labor John Adams was the first to move into the White House Design (ordinary)(2 main floors)(engaged columns) Latro was called to fix up the structure of the building (added free standing columns to the front) War of 1812 attack on the white house and was painted white which is how it got its name

Thornton, Latrobe, Bulfinch, Walter The US Capital Building Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Thorton had ancient resources but never finished Latrob made the building perfectly symetrical (added low dome)(carinthian columns)(front staircase) After Latrob there were domes added over the Senate and The House of Representatives Walter's changes where supposed to be a sign of union added wings to both sides added 280 ft dome (cast iron on top of original center dome) Armed Freedom is the statue on the dome

Strickland Second Bank of The US Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Had a stort life as a federal bank Both sides of the bank are identical Built from blocks of marble Doric Columns Influenced by the Parthenon (largest Greek Temple dedicated to Athena)

Bacon Lincoln Memorial Neoclassism: 1776-1865 Sculpture of Lincoln is inside Has front staircase Greek Doric Columns (free standing on all four sides) Used Parthinion as influence Building is raised up like the Greeks used to do

Alexander Jackson Davis Henry Delamater Residence Romanticism: 1776-1865 Became a popular style for midclass people Was built in wood (weird because they loved nature) Has front porch (was a way to show they had free time) Has pointable arches on the windows Casement windows from medival style Board and battion wood (vertical boards with thin strips of wood going over where the wide boards meet) known as gingerbread architecher Wood was often painted pink

Wood American Gothic Romanticism: 1776-1865 Gothic because of the house in the background Avoided working in European style House (looks midwestern)(board and battion)(has a front porch)(pointed arch windows) People (look middle class) The guy is the artist dentist and the woman is the artist sister The pitch fork is in reference to the dentest cleaning the teeth Pattern on the dress and on the shades in the house are the same (shows she was a hard worker) Was during the great depression

Alexander Jackson Davis Llewellyn Park Romanticism: 1776-1865 425 acres of residental land In esicks county NJ Is a gated community People would live there and work in NY Most of the original homes are gone Thomas Edision lived there Planned to look unplanned (ponds, walkways, bridges)

Vaux & Fredric Church Olana Romanticism: 1776-1865 Over looked the Hudson River (one of the widest points) Nothing was taking out of the house since Church lived there On the left is the studio wing built in 1880 Church wrote - Olana is the center of the Earth and I own it Has 40 rooms

Renwick Smithsonian Institution Romanticism: 1776-1865 Funded by a Bristish man thinking americans needed scientis Largest building in American in Romantic style People thought it was distastful to Washington Towers are all different hights Designed at one time with different styles Rose window in the front (virgin mary)

Renwick St. Patrick's Cathedral Romanticism: 1776-1865 In Manhattan Opened late because of the Civil War (workers were fighting in the war) Largest catholic church in America because of large influx of catholics coming in Built on solid bedrock When built was a skyscraper now is dorfed Three doors entering (holy trinity) Made from granted

Frank Furness and George Hewitt Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Romanticism: 1776-1865 America's first art school and first museum Galleries are on the upper floor with sky lights Painting studios were on the north side of building They accepted woman and people of color Did animal disections in the basement Has an industrial elevator to bring horses in to draw Was thought of as a factory for art Ceris headless statue over the front door which is now gone The students have a seperate enterence from the public

Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass Realism: 1865-1900 Had a poem in the book called Song To Myself which celebrated himself

Alexander Gardner A Harvest of Death Realism: 1865-1900 Was taken at Gettysburg (first war to be documented with photos) In the background there are people on horses pick pocketing the dead

Thomas Eakins Max Schmitt in a Single Skull Realism: 1865-1900 Did a series of sport scenes Was the first painting he offered for sale Max was an aminature skuller Done by sketches in the studio and then the landscape was painted on the river Figure in the back is Eakins and his signed the painting there

Thomas Eakins The Gross Clinic Realism: 1865-1900 The most important painting in history Is removing the infected part of the leg Patient was under anistisha (was state of the art- usually was never used) Dr. Gross is shown heroic with the light source Eakins is in the painting drawing Eakins believed surgery was the most artful was of medicine Light off Gross forhead (symbolizes brains) Patients mother is in the painting cover her face Gross would teach during the whole operation Patient wearing blue socks which means it was a charity case

Thomas Eakins The Agnew Clinic Realism: 1865-1900 Did public surgies Students asked Eakins to do the painting so it can go to the school Angew would give opening and closing remarks Eakins is to the far right with a doctor whispering to him University trained nurse in the foreground (doctors didn't like nurses)(thought they wouldn't listen)

Thomas Eakins Walt Whitman Realism: 1865-1900 Not commisioned Signed the painting in upper right corner Light source coming from right from window Originally signed 1889 but Whitman died 1882

Thomas Eakins Miss Amelia Van Buren Realism: 1865-1900 Was a photo Chair is a studio prop She isn't looking at the audience People who thought a lot became exhausted Eakin would often aloud the person to take home the painting after he was done

Homer Long Branch, NY Realism, 1865-1900 Was an oil painting All the woman were using the collapisble umbrella Homer was in Paris so was painted from memory Genre subject No one is looking at the viewer

Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase Realism: 1865-1900 Wanted to show stop action Is a spiral staircase People said it looks like shingles