final

Question 1

do citizens want their government structures to work and leaders to be effective or not?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

what are the three types of local government?

Answer 2

counties, municipalities, and towns/townships

Question 3

what is a broad grant of power from the state to a local government?

Answer 3

home rule

Question 4

were american local governments planned or did they grow in a response to a combination of citizen demand, interest group pressure, and state government acquiescence?

Answer 4

second option

Question 5

what gave local governments more power?

Answer 5

the states gradually realized their control over localities through grant of home rule

Question 6

what is home rule?

Answer 6

a broad grant of power from the state to local government

Question 7

during a six year period how many cities have ceased to exist?

Answer 7

145 places incorporated and thirty three cities disincorporated

Question 8

what offers a wider array of services to their citizens?

Answer 8

cities

Question 9

what are the three most common forms of city government?

Answer 9

mayor-council form
city commission form
council-manager form

Question 10

what city declared bankruptcy in 2012 for several reasons including expensive new civic projects developed before the financial crisis and costly wage and benefit agreements?

Answer 10

Stockton, CA

Question 11

what are own-source revenues?

Answer 11

refers to monie derived by a government from its own taxable resources

Question 12

how much does the national government contribute to local government?

Answer 12

1/4

Question 13

what percentage of federal monies are passed to individual recipients such as those receiving medicaid?

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

what does the tax effort depend on?

Answer 14

the scope and level of services desired by the citizens of that state f municipality

Question 15

what can local governments do without the authority of the state government?

Answer 15

levy taxes and fees, incur debt, and spend money

Question 16

what is a good example of a progressive tax?

Answer 16

the general sales tax

Question 17

what kind of tax places a greater burden on the affluent because the tax rate falls as taxable income rises?

Answer 17

regressive tax

Question 18

what is the benefit principle?

Answer 18

the principle that taxes should be levied on those who benefit directly from a government service

Question 19

what is the elasticity concept?

Answer 19

with respect to taxation holds that tax yields should be automatically responsive to changes in economic condition

Question 20

example of concept of elasticity

Answer 20

as per capita income grows, revenues should also increase without increases in tax rate.

Question 21

what state did rolls-Royce select as the site of its new $500 million jet engine facility because it received $57 million in state incentives?

Answer 21

VA

Question 22

what is economic development?

Answer 22

a process by which a community, state, or nation inreases its level of per capita income, high-quality jobs, and capital investment

Question 23

what is the economic playing field?

Answer 23

the world

Question 24

what is one way to stimulate economic development?

Answer 24

between industries and universities

Question 25

what creates a $124 billion in tax revenue?

Answer 25

travel and tourism

Question 26

what is an accommodation tax?

Answer 26

tax on hotel or motel room occupancy, with the revenues usually earmarked for tourism related uses

Question 27

what had a notable positive effect on jobs and development, stimulating a wide cross-section of professional services and entertainment/restaurant-related jobs?

Answer 27

stadiums

Question 28

5 types of local governments

Answer 28

counties, municipalities, towns and townships, school districts, and special districts

Question 29

Metropolitan Area

Answer 29

composed of a central city and its surrounding county, are not local governments

Question 30

Home Rule

Answer 30

broad grant of power from the state to a local government

Question 31

Amenities

Answer 31

comfort and conveniences that contribute to quality of life

Question 32

Annexation

Answer 32

the addition of unincorporated adjacent territory to a municipality

Question 33

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

Answer 33

the ability of a city government to control certain practices in an adjacent unincorporated area

Question 34

School districts

Answer 34

type of single-purpose local government. School board is the formal source of power and authority which is composed of five to seven members, usually elected.

Question 35

Sports stadiums

Answer 35

impact of sports stadiums on local economies found that the stadiums had negligible effects on jobs and development. Instead, they diverted economic development form manufacturing to the service sector.

Question 36

Intergovernmental transfers

Answer 36

the movement of money r other resources from one level of government to another

Question 37

Progressive tax

Answer 37

a tax in which the rate rises as the base or table income rises.

Question 38

Regressive tax

Answer 38

a tax in which the rate falls as the base or taxable income rises

Question 39

Criteria to evaluate taxes

Answer 39

equity, yield, elasticity, political accountability, acceptability

Question 40

Sales tax

Answer 40

accounts for almost one-half of total state general revenues.

Question 41

Income tax-

Answer 41

equitable when progressive. Superior to other taxes on criteria of yield and elasticity

Question 42

Lotteries

Answer 42

can be attacked on the grounds of equity and elasticity. Are considered inelastic because earnings are cyclical and generally unstable.

Question 43

User fees

Answer 43

setting specific princes on goods and services provided by state and local governments is one method that clearly pursues the benefit principle: only those who use the goods and services should pay. Are structured to yield whatever is needed to finance a particular service. i.e. college tuition

Question 44

Fiscal Stress

Answer 44

financial pressure on a government from factors such as revenue shortfalls and taxing and spending limitations

Question 45

Proposition 13

Answer 45

-credited with kicking off a taxpayer revolt across the United States. In LA and San Fran Bay areas during the 1970s, property taxs doubled and then tripled in only a few years. Senior citizens were forced to sell their homes to pay their property tax

Question 46

Benefit principle

Answer 46

the principle that taxes should be levied on those who benefit directly form a government service