Final Flashcards
The nature/nurture debate is concerned with:
he relationship(s) between heredity, environment, and human development
With the 1877 publication of Biographical Sketch of an Infant, __________ established a scientific basis for studying children.
Charles Darwin
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, an ecological systems theorist:
two-way interactions between a child and his/her parents influence the child’s development.
The purpose of having random assignment in an experiment is to
make sure that no pre-existing differences among groups caused the change in the experimental group’s behavior.
Dr. Martinez wants to know which exhibits children prefer at the new Children’s Museum. To find out, she unobtrusively observes them to see which exhibits they choose to visit most and at which ones they spend the most time. Which type of research method does this represent?
naturalistic observation
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory suggests that
a child’s interactions with adults organize the child’s learning experiences.
According to Piaget, what is a scheme?
a pattern of action or mental structure used in acquiring or organizing knowledge
Cynthia’s mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are “fruit.” However one day, Cynthia’s mother gives her an orange. She tells Cynthia this is also “fruit.” What happens to Cynthia’s scheme of “fruit?”
She incorporates the information so that her scheme now includes apples and oranges.
Ethology suggests that behavior is a result of:
innate behaviors
Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother’s help. This suggests that tying shoes:
is within Omar’s zone of proximal development.
which of the following is most likely to remain in her own home
Maria, who is 75 and had her mortgage paid off for twenty years
research on religion in later adulthood has shown
religion is associated with greater life satisfaction
in late adulthood, self-esteem may be lower than in middle adulthood because
older people may suffer a lot of losses in their lives during late adulthood
in older adults, depression
is often undiagnosed and untreated
life reviews
vary significantly from person to person
older adults do nearly as well on tasks that require
implicit memory
dementia
is most often caused by Alzheimer’s disease
sexual satisfaction in late adulthood
is possible when expectations are modified
life expectancy in the U.S. has dropped in the last few decades. The main reason given for this drop has to do with
poor health behaviors
elder bais is apparent when
older adults are less likely to be diagnosed and treated for illnesses than younger adults
research on friends during middle adulthood has shown
social isolation is connected with poorer health
when adolescents are ‘launched’ from their home
parents still may influence their children’s choices or at least register their views on them
which of the following is true regarding the “sandwich generation”
middle-aged children often have the burden of carrying for young children and aging parents
cassandra got divorce, lost her job, and had to move into a new apartment in a run-down section of town. she believes that these setbacks are temporary. she is likely
to manage her stress better than someone who believes this situation would not change
stanley and his wife never had children and now that he is in his early 50s, he feels like something is missing from his life. according to erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, he
became stagnant
dan is a manager of an information technology company. he has two finalists for a job opening, one is 45 and the other is 23. he should know the following before he makes his final decision about whom to hire
middle-aged adults have more experience and practical knowledge than younger adults
shemeeka finds that as she gets older, she recalls most of her medical training and has built upon it in her medical practice, but cannot recall the italian she learned when she was a student abroad. this shows ___ of her cognitive development
multi-directionality
which of the following is true regarding physical development during middle adulthood
it declines gradually for most people who exercise and eat well
reaction time
increases because of a loss of neurons involved in sensing signals
what is true about the costs of divorce
divorced people have higher rates of illness than married people
which of the following is about dual-earner families
mothers are more likely to drop out of their jobs than fathers are when there are problems in the family
during the first year of a child’s life
marital satisfaction declines
those who cohabit
have less traditional view of marriage than others
farrah and michael have had a relationship for five years and have found their love for each other, which was initially extremely passionate, has flowered into a strong relationship with equal parts passion, commitment, and intimacy. their relationship would be considered to be
consummate
people who are single in their 20s
are more likely to be postponing marriage today than a generation or two ago
what makes someone attractive
in ones culture may be considered attractive in a different culture
separation of the young from the family home
occurs at different times and in different circumstances for many
diana has finished college and is beginning a new job in a city far from her parents’ home. she is continuing the process of ___ and ___
individuation; separation
the textbook authors recommend which of the following strategies for benefitting from diversity in one’s college
embrace opportunities to learn about others cultures and viewpoints
thoughts of young adults
are less egocentric than those of adolescents
piaget proposed a stage of cognitive development referred to as post formal in which
there is recognition that each person experiences differ which results in unique ways of thinking
cognitive decline during adulthood typically
affects fluid intelligence more than crystallized intelligence
rape
is most common among women ages 16-24
which of the following is true regarding causes of death during early adulthood
homicide and suicide are the leading causes of death during this time
which of the following is true about stress
younger adults are ore likely to respond to strew in unhealthy ways compared to older adults.
healthy behaviors
are lacking for many during early adulthood
juan is a tennis player (sprinter); miguel is a golfer (marathoner/archer). which statement below is correct
miguel’s athletic skills will peak in his late twenties or early thirties
which of the following is true regarding sensory abilities during early adulthood
hearing of high pitches tends to decline in the late 20s/early 30s
according to carol gilligan (1982), women score lower on kohlberg’s stages of moral development because
women have been socialized to make judgements based upon the needs of others
