Final 5

Question 1

What causes DNA fragmentation during apoptosis?

Answer 1

Endonucleases

Question 2

Primary mechanism of destruction is due to the activation of what protease?

Answer 2

Caspases

Question 3

How are activation cascades set in motion?

Answer 3

Initiator procaspases activated

Question 4

WHat do initiator caspase cascades lead to?

Answer 4

Executioner caspases

Question 5

Two receptors of extrinsic apoptosis induction

Answer 5

TNF and Fas

Question 6

What protein do Fas receptors recruit?

Answer 6

FADD

Question 7

Recruitment of three procapases form this complex

Answer 7

DISC

Question 8

What does released cytochrome c bind to?

Answer 8

Apaf-1

Question 9

Wheel-like heptamer that apaf-1 forms

Answer 9

Apoptosome

Question 10

WHat does Apaf-1 bind to and activate?

Answer 10

Caspase-9

Question 11

2 Bcl-2 family members that inhibit apopttosis

Answer 11

Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl

Question 12

Two Bcl-2 family members that promote apoptosis

Answer 12

Bax, Bac

Question 13

How many BH domains do anti-apoptotic members of Bcl contain?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

How many BH domains do pro-apoptotic members of Bcl contain?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

3 pro-apoptotic family members with only 1 BH domain

Answer 15

Bad, Bim, Bid

Question 16

Form a pore in the OMM

Answer 16

Bax, bak

Question 17

Stays located in the cytosol and translocates to mitochondria in response to apoptotic singal

Answer 17

Bax

Question 18

How do Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl work to prevent apoptosis?

Answer 18

Bind to bax to prevent oligomerization

Question 19

How do BH3 only protein work to promote apoptosis?

Answer 19

Inhibits Bcl-2 activity

Question 20

Proteins that direct caspase inhibitors

Answer 20

IAPs

Question 21

Cells that counteract IAPs

Answer 21

Anti-IAPs

Question 22

Family of transmembrane anchors that mediate cell-cell interactions

Answer 22

Cadherin

Question 23

Family of transmembrane anchors that mediates Cell-matrix interactions

Answer 23

Integrin

Question 24

Connect cytoskelton of a cell to the cytoskeleton of its neighbors or ECM

Answer 24

Anhcoring junctions

Question 25

4 types of anchroing junctions

Answer 25

Adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, actin-linked cell-matrix adhesion

Question 26

Main function of cadherins

Answer 26

Cell-cell adhesion medaited by calcium

Question 27

Connect actin filaments from cell to cell

Answer 27

Adherens junctions

Question 28

WHat transmembrane adhesion proteins do adherens junctions use?

Answer 28

Cadherins

Question 29

Connection between IFs from one cell to another

Answer 29

Desmosomes

Question 30

Connect IFs to basal lamina

Answer 30

Hemidesmosomes

Question 31

What type of transmembrane adhesion proteins do hemidesmosomes use?

Answer 31

Integrin family

Question 32

Primary intracellular anchor protein of hemidesmosomes

Answer 32

Plectin

Question 33

Mediate cell-cell adhesions in bloodstream

Answer 33

selectins

Question 34

Proteins that help organize junctional complexes

Answer 34

Scaffolding proteins

Question 35

FOrms selective permeability barrier across epithelial sheets

Answer 35

Occluding jiunctions

Question 36

COmpletely encircle each cell in an epithelial sheet

Answer 36

Sealing strands

Question 37

Each span the bilayer 4 times and interact iwht one another across cells

Answer 37

Claudin, occludin

Question 38

Allow small molecules to pass directly from cell to cell

Answer 38

Gap junctions

Question 39

Membrane-spanning channel-forming proteins of gap junctions

Answer 39

connexins

Question 40

How many connexin subunits make up a connexon?

Answer 40

6

Question 41

Plant version of gap junctions

Answer 41

Plasmodesmata

Question 42

Main composition of basal lamina

Answer 42

Fibrous proteins and GAG polysaccharides

Question 43

What organizes the sheet-like structure of the basal lamina?

Answer 43

Laminins

Question 44

What does the gamma chain of laminin interact with?

Answer 44

Nidogen

Question 45

What do the alpha-chains of laminin interact with?

Answer 45

Integrin

Question 46

specialized signaling forms of actin-linked cell matrix adhesion

Answer 46

Focal adhesion

Question 47

Signaling protein found at focal adhesion

Answer 47

FAK (focal adhesion kinase)

Question 48

speicalized ECM for eggs

Answer 48

Zona pellucida