final Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Molars - #
Premolars - #
Incisors - #
Canine - #
A
12
8
8
4
2
Q
above gum line
A
Crown
3
Q
below gum line
A
root
4
Q
hard calcium
A
enamel
5
Q
soft bone
A
dentin
6
Q
marrow - like tissue in tooth
A
pulp
7
Q
nerves and blood vessels in tooth
A
root canal
8
Q
for mashing food (ridges)
A
hard palate
9
Q
assist in swallowing
A
soft palate
10
Q
for the immune system
A
tonsils
11
Q
5 taste
A
bitter, sweet, salty, sour, savory
12
Q
taste, mashing & mixing food, communication and temp.
A
tongue
13
Q
secrete saliva ; enzyme amylase for digestion
A
Salivary Glands
14
Q
largest cheeks
A
Parotids
15
Q
Under front of tongue
A
Sublingual gland
16
Q
Under back of tongue
A
Submandibular gland
17
Q
1st stage of swallowing : bolus moves to back of mouth by tongue
A
Voluntary stage
18
Q
2nd stage of swallowing : trachea closed by epiglottis and food enters esophagus
A
Pharyngeal stage
19
Q
3rd stage of swallowing : peristalisis moves bolus through cardiac sphincter into the stomach
A
Esophageal stage
20
Q
Involuntary smooth muscle contractions to transport food through digestive system (food uncomfortable stuck in throat temporarily)
A
Peristalsis
21
Q
folds in lining (stress sensor) in stomach
A
Rugae
22
Q
Inner layer of stomach - digestive enzyme
A
Mucosa
23
Q
food mixes in stomach to produce
A
chyme
24
Q
middle layer of stomach containing blood vessels
A
submucosa
25
blood filter, removes toxins (hydrophobic) and ammonia, produces bile, & stores glycogen and vitamins
Liver
26
Secretes biles
Gall bladder
27
universal digestive gland that secretes enzymes for all nutrients (biocarbonate ions to neutralize stomach)
secretes insulin to control blood sugar
pancreas
28
site of nutrient absorption (simple and facilitated diffusion)
Small Intestine
29
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilieum
30
the lumen is lined w
Villi
31
Villi houses
blood and lymph vessels
32
waste is passed through large intestine at
Cecum
33
Large intestine's primary function
Reabsorption of water from waste
34
bacteria in large intestine that produces vitamin k
Normal Flora
35
6 structures of Large intestine
```
Cecum - joins w s. intestine & house appendix
Ascending Colon - up in abdomen
transverse colon - across abdomen
descending colon - down abdomen
sigmoid colon - curved colon to rectum
rectum - terminates with anus
```
36
what forms majority of the human diet
Carbs
37
Complexed (healthy carbs)
Branched
38
all enzymes are
protein
39
fats and cholesterol
lipids
40
linoleic acid for
phospholipids
41
fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
42
water soluble vitamins
B
| C
43
Fight Free radicals vitamins
C
| E
44
Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Potassium
Minerals
45
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
```
A = eyesight
D = strong bones
E = skin
K = blood clotting
```
46
20% above ideal weight
obesity
47
Binge and purge
Bulemia
48
Excess weight loss
Anorexia
49
Transport blood AWAY from heart ; thick muscular vessels, expand as heart pumps blood generating pulse
Arteries & Arterioles
50
Carry blood to heart ; thin w low blood pressure, internal valves that prevent backflow
Veins
51
Site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen (osmosis & diffusion)
One thick cell - join arterioles and venules
Capillaries
52
Cardiac muscle tissue
Myocardium
53
sep. left and right sides of heart
septum
54
Between atria & Ventricles
| - supported by chordae tendineae
Atrioventricular valves
55
Right -
| Left-
Tricuspid
| Bicuspid
56
Between Arteries and heart (pulmonary artery and Aorta)
Semilunar Valves
57
blood flowing in artery
pulse
58
relaxation in venricles
Diastole
59
Contraction of Ventricles
Systole
60
Pacemaker on R. Atrium
Sinoatrial Node
61
Coordinates heart chamber (R. Atrium)
Atrioventricular Node
62
pressure generated by arteries and veins by heart
Blood pressure
63
Contraction of ventricles "artery pressure"
Systolic pressure
64
Relaxing of ventricles "vein pressure"
Diastolic pressure
65
Circulation of blood through lungs
Vena cava -> Right AV (tricuspid) -> Right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulm artery in lungs (oxygenated blood enters lung)
Pulmonary Ciruit
66
Circulation of blood(oxygenated) through the body
Pulm artery -> L. Atrium (bicuspid) -> L. ventricle -> semilunar valve -> enters aorta
Systemic circuit
67
largest vein (carries blood to R. atrium)
Vena Cava
68
largest artery
Aorta
69
artery and vein in brain
Carotid artery & Jugular Vein
70
Heart artery
Coronary
71
Lung artery
Pulmonary
72
Liver artery
Hepatic
73
Kidney artery
Renal
74
Leg artery
Iliac
75
build up of fat and cholesterol in arteries
Atheroscierosis
76
Calcification and hardening of cholesterol
Arteriosclerosis
77
Swelling and or bursting of weak artery wall
Aneurysm
78
blood clot blocking coronary artery (Heart)
Coronary Thrombosis
79
```
Red blood cells
Nonnucleated
contain hemoglobin
transport oxygen to tissue
low count indicates anemia
```
Erythrocytes
80
White blood cells
nucleated
fight infection - defend from tumors and viruses
Leukocytes
81
1st on site of injury - engulf infectious invaders in blood
Neutrophils
82
assist in process of blood clotting - thickening blood, contain growth factors to regenerate tissue
Thrombocytes (t-cells)
83
Balance of blood cells to plasma
Hematocrit
84
liquid portion of blood
blood plasma
85
Sac of smooth muscle that houses testes and elasticity regulates temp
Scrotum
86
Site of sperm production and is covered w pressure sensitive neurons
Teste
87
male hormone
Testosterone
88
FSH - from Pituitary Gland
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
89
Sac on top of testes (Stores sperm 10-14 days)
Epididymus
90
Sperm duct from epididymus - prostate gland
*vasectomy
Vas Deferens
91
glands that secrete fructose sugar into semen
Seminal Vessicles
92
gland that secretes bicarbonate ions into semen to neutralize acidity of vagina
*controls urine
Prostate gland
93
gland that secretes thick mucous into urethra to lubricate path for semen
Bulbourethral gland
94
external genetalia
penis
95
internal tube in penis semen flows through
urethra
96
head of sperm contains
DNA and penetration enzyme (Acrosome)
97
Neck of sperm
Cell body and attachment for fructose
98
Tail of sperm
Microtubule protein fibers (flagellum)
99
Site of Egg production
| Golf ball size glands
Ovaries
100
When do females produce eggs
before birth
101
Female hormone
Estrogen
102
Estrogen is produced in
Follicle Cells
103
what occurs in Follicle chamber
Meiosis
104
____ produced in vacated follicle chamber
blocks glandular secretions to fertilize egg
Progesterone
105
the vacated follicle chamber is known as
Corpus Luteum
106
site of fertilization
| pair of 4 long ciliated tubes leading from ovaries to uterus
Oviducts / Fallopian tubes
107
getting your tubes tied is known as
tubal ligation
108
AKA Womb
| site of placenta attachment
Uterus
109
What provides nutrients for egg until placenta developes
endometrium (lining that is shed)
110
opening base of uterus
| where sperm passes through and babes come out
Cervix
111
Female sex organ
| protected by labia
Vagina
112
female hormone secreted from pituitary gland
when this rises estrogen is produced
Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
113
Stimulates ovulation
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
