Final Flashcards
1
Q
Facultative parthenogenesis
A
Eggs may develop without fertilization or after fertilization depending on conditions
2
Q
Dermatosis
A
Skin irritations caused by bites, contacts, secretions, or skin invasions
3
Q
Cosmetic damage
A
Injure that is largely or wholly aesthetic; inconsequential in all aspects except with consumer perceptions
4
Q
Automictic parthenogenesis
A
Normal meiosis division in egg formation, followed by fusion of nuclei so diploid number restored
5
Q
Silverfish
A
Damage books and papers
6
Q
Mate guarding
A
Behavior to insure paternity
7
Q
Homeland security
A
Agro-terrorism
8
Q
Dirofilariasis
A
Dog heartworm
9
Q
Traumatic insemination
A
Insemination of a female by piercing the abdomen at a specialized site and injecting semen directly into the body cavity
10
Q
Nicotine
A
String neurotoxin product of tobacco
11
Q
Economic injury level
A
Level of insect injury where cost of damage equals cost of control
12
Q
Lotic
A
Moving waters
13
Q
Shredders
A
Chew up dead plant matter and eat bacteria and fungi on surface
14
Q
PPQ
A
Plant Protection and Quarantine
15
Q
Pest status
A
Depends on the population levels and the type of injury that the insect inflicts to the crop
16
Q
Multivoltine
A
Many gens/year
17
Q
Standard deviation
A
Averages deviations of sample counts from the mean value
18
Q
E horizon
A
Zone of leaching; dissolved or suspended materials move downward
19
Q
Lyme disease
A
Progressive disease, initial rash, flu-like symptoms, leading to possible cardiac and neurologic problems, arthritis; vectored by ticks
20
Q
C horizon
A
Weathered parent material; partially broken-down inorganic minerals
21
Q
Sampling universe
A
Whole population from which samples will be taken/habitat
22
Q
Sampling unit
A
Proportion of the space from which insect counts are taken
23
Q
Sampling technique
A
Method used for collecting information from a single sampling unit
24
Q
Sampling program
A
Procedure that employs a particular sampling technique to obtain the sample and make an estimate of the population
25
PTTH
Neuropeptide secreted by neuro-secretory cells in the brain, stored in corpora cardiaca or corpora allata, acts on prothoracic gland
26
Bivoltine
2 gens/year
27
Ecdysone
Molting hormone, released from the prothoracic gland
28
Pest
Any insect that interferes with human welfare or aesthetics
29
Prothoracicotropic hormone
PTTH
30
Facultative myiasis
Casual or accidental; larvae normally develop in another habitat
31
Envenomization
Injection of venom by stings or other means
32
Juvenile Hormone
JH
33
Benthos
Organisms associated with the bottom of body of H2O
34
Sclerotization
Hardening of the cuticle by a process of chemical tanning
35
Spiders
Most are harmless but some are toxic
36
A horizon
Topsoil: organic matter (humus), living organisms, inorganic minerals
37
Generalized Female Reproductive System
Accessory glands may have several functions from the secretion of adhesive materials to formation of an ootheca
38
Conservation of natural enemies
Conserving existing biocontrol agents
39
Benthic zone
Stream bottoms
40
B horizon
Subsoil: accumulation of iron, aluminum, humic compounds, and clay leached down from the A and E horizons
41
Biological control
Use of natural enemies (parasites, predators, pathogens) to control pests
42
Precocenes
Interfere with corpora allata
43
Leishmaniasis
Infection by intracellualar parasites in genus Leishmania; widely various symptoms
44
Courtship feeding
Male brings a "gift" of a seed to a female, allows male to mate with her while she eats the "nuptial gift"
45
Parasitoids
Kill one host to mature
46
Littoral zone
Shallow water along edge, where it is possible for plants to be rooted
47
Bt (a Bacillus species)
Toxic to caterpillars
48
Cultural control
The manipulation of a cropping system or specific crop production practices to reduce pest populations or pest injury to crops (ex: tillage, crop rotation, trap crops)
49
Acaricides
Kills mites
50
Wasps
Stinging danger
51
Generalized Male Reproductive System
Accessory glands produce seminal fluid and proteinaceous secretions for the formation of a spermatophore
52
Thelytoky parthenogenesis
Only females are produced in parthenogenesis
53
Diflubenzuron
Inhibits the synthesis of chitin
54
Sperm displacement
Replacement of sperm received from previous matings
55
Aquatic insects
Insects that spend at part of their lives associated with aquatic environments
56
Augmentation of natural enemies
Mass reading and releasing parasitoids and predators
57
O horizon
Surface litter; fallen leaves and partially decomposed organic debris
58
Delusory parasitosis
Erroneous belief that one is infested by insects or other arthropods
59
Role of the endocrine system
Controls the process of molting and metamorphosis via hormone secretion
60
Termites
Play an important role in the breakdown and recycling of wood, however when they invade wooden structures they become a serious pest
61
Antixenosis
Repelling pest
62
London purple
(Arsenical) Used as a substitute for Paris Green
63
USDA-APHIS-PPQ
Main US quarantine agency
64
Myiasis
Invasion of organs or tissues of vertebrate animals by larvae of Diptera
65
Grazers
Feed by scraping diatoms, bacteria, and algae off on surfaces
66
Sperm competition
Ex: males dislodge rival's sperm packet and insert their own
67
Stored product pests
Feed on and damage grains, food stuffs, clothing, leather, tobacco products, etc.
68
Direct pests
Feed or oviposit on fruiting structures of parts of the plant that are harvested
69
IPM
The use of ALL available tactics in the design of a program to manage (not eradicate) pest populations so that economic damage and harmful side effects are minimized
70
Japanese beetle
A widespread, polyphagus insect that may feed on some 275 kinds of plants, including fruit and shade trees, roses, flowers, and turf
71
Entirely aquatic orders
Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, Trichoptera
72
Botanical insecticides
Derived from plants
73
Plague
An acute, severe infection that appears in a bubonic or pneumonic form; caused by Yersinia pestis, vectored by oriental rat flea
74
Lead arsenate
Used for gypsy moth control and cotton pest control
75
Indirect pests
Attack the vegetative parts of the plant and reduce overall productivity
76
Diapause
Period of arrested development and reduced metabolism during which growth and development cease; may be obligatory or facultative
77
Pyrethrum
Contact poison product of chrysanthemums
78
Hydrogen cyanide
Used for museum case fumigation
79
Red Imported Fire Ant
Pest of humans, livestock, wildlife, agriculture, turf; spread throughout much of Southern US
80
Kerosene
Emulsions sprayed on fruit trees
81
Springtails
Beneficial to crop plants by releasing nutrients and by feeding upon diseases caused by fungi
82
Injury
Nuisance that the insect inflicts to the crop
83
Indirect methods of sampling
Products measured, plant damage
84
Limnetic zone
Vertical region from water surface to point where light is insufficient to drive photosynthesis
85
Sclerites
Hardened plates in integument
86
Yellow fever
An acute arbovirus infection of valuable severity; characterized by sudden onset of fever, lowered pulse and headaches...sometimes accompanied by jaundice and black vomit
87
Tropical Soda Apple
The plant from hell
88
R horizon
Bedrock; impenetrable layer
89
Relative methods of sampling
Number of insects per trap
90
Integrated Pest Management
IPM
91
Profundal zone
Deepest layers, where photosynthetic light can't penetrate
92
Entomophobia
Fear of insects
93
Physiologically important injury
Some level of insect feeding is not detrimental to the plant; above a certain level, plants can become physiologically stressed
94
Cockroaches
Household pests that feed on and spoil food; can cause allergies and even asthma
95
Standard error
Estimate of the standard deviation of the population
96
Lime-sulfur
Mixture used for scale insect control
97
Soybean aphid
A new pest of soybean in the US; native to Asia
98
Boll weevil
Introduced from Mexico in 1892, major pest of cotton grown in US
99
Malaria vector
Anopheles mosquito
100
Filter feeders
Obtain particulate matter from the water column using feeding fans or with silk nets
101
DDT
A chlorinated hydrocarbon; effective but long lived in environment
102
Paris Green
Found to be effective against the Colorado Potato Beetle
103
Herbivores (root feeders)
Consume plant roots; crop yield losses
104
Shredders
Chew up dead plant matter and eat bacteria and fungi on surface
105
Mean
Average
106
Herbivores
Root feeders
107
Onchocerciasis
River blindness
108
Plastron
The bubble through which insects breathe when underwater
109
Causal organism of Malaria
Plasmodium spp. (Parasitic protozoan)
110
Integument
Consists of sclerites interconnected by membranous areas to provide flexibility
111
Facultative diapause
Temporary dormancy or halt in the life cycle due to unfavorable environmental conditions; independent of the life cycle
112
Arboviruses
Arthropod-borne viruses
113
Apomictic parthenogenesis
No reduction division in egg formation, females identical to mother
114
Obligatory diapause
State of arrested growth or development that is programmed into the life cycle; usually initiated by environmental factors and requires special circumstances for termination
115
Absolute methods of sampling
Number of insects per standard unit
116
Lentic
Still waters
117
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
118
Fungus
Kills cotton aphids
119
Juvenile hormone (JH)
Terpenoid compound secreted by corpora allata
120
Antibiosis
Killing pest directly
121
Rotenone
Stomach and contact poison from Derris plants
122
Integument
Insect exoskeleton
123
Spermatophore
Sperm packet produced by the male; provides nutrients for female in some species
124
Diamondback moth
One of the most important pests of vegetables world wide; frequent pest of cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, rape, and tsunga
125
Parthogenesis
Production of offspring from unfertilized eggs
126
Inorganic insecticides
Derived from inorganic chemicals
127
Typhus
Caused by Rickettsia; vectored by human body louse
128
Host plant resistance
Altering the genetic component of the host plant to increase resistance to insect feeding or to discourage insect attack
129
Economic threshold
Level of insect injury in which treatment must be initiated to prevent economic loss
130
Cowpea weevils
Major storage pests of cowpea
131
Buboes
Enlarged lymph nodes
132
Pneumonic plague
Moves into lungs, high fever, chills, cough, highly contagious, deadliest form
133
Gypsy moth
The most important hardwood pest in the US; attacks trees, prefers oaks
134
Autocidal control
Genetic manipulation of pest population by introducing lethal genes, genes which affect development or by reducing reproductive capacity
135
Sperm precedence
Typically sperm of last male to mate fertilizes a female's eggs
136
Deuteroroky parthenogenesis
Eggs may be of either sex
137
Homeostasis
Water, salt balance
138
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Acute febrile disease, characteristic rash, can be fatal; caused by Rickettsia, vectored by ticks
139
Classical biological control
Importation of new natural enemies
140
Voltinism
Number of generations per year in an insect life cycle
141
Univoltine
1 gen/year
142
Trypanosomiasis
Sleeping sickness; Nagana (domestic animals)...vectored by tsetse fly
143
Arrhenotoky parthenogenesis
Males are produced without fertilization, haploid-diploid situation
144
Bubonic plague
Symptoms include high fever, formation of buboes, disease progression typically from lymphatic system to blood, to liver and spleen
145
Acute toxicity
Immediate toxic effects of exposure (not long term)
146
Chronic toxicity
Toxic effects that occur some time after exposure, months or years
147
Carcinogenicity
Potential to cause cancer
148
Teratogenecity
Potential to cause birth defects
149
Mutagenicity
Potential for genetic damage
150
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FIFRA
151
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
Establishes pesticide residue tolerances
152
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
Strengthens legal provisions in the first 2 above; particularly to protect infants and children
153
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Sets tolerance levels
154
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Monitor pesticide residues in all foods
155
Oviposition
Selection of site to lay eggs, often based on specific stimuli
156
Juvabione
The paper factor
