Final

Question 1

Refers to dynamics in behavior, the ways in which our actions are initiated, sustained, directed, and terminated

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Based on biological needs that must be met for survival, hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, air, sleep, eliminating wastes, and regulating body temperature

Answer 2

Biological motivation

Question 3

Based on learning needs, drives and goals, power, affiliation, approval, status, security, and achievement

Answer 3

Learned motivation

Question 4

express our needs for stimulation and motivation, activity, curiosity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact

Answer 4

Stimulus motivation

Question 5

cycle in body that occurs every 24 hours, activities in liver, kidneys and endocrine glands undergo large changes. Body temperature, amino acids and blood pressure levels change from hour to hour

Answer 5

Circadian rhythm

Question 6

____ can help reset circadian rhythms; it is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that when raised, helps you sleep

Answer 6

Melatonin

Question 7

Small, subcortical area of the brain that regulates multiple motives including hunger and thirst

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

Feelings of weakness or shakiness are signs of ___, simulating that the body needs energy

Answer 8

Hunger

Question 9

An active dislike for particular food; often occurs if food has caused sickness or is associated with nausea

Answer 9

Taste aversion

Question 10

when water is lost from the fluids surrounding the cells of your body

Answer 10

Extracellular thirst

Question 11

When the cell shrinks, when the fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells

Answer 11

Intracellular thirst

Question 12

The strength of one’s motivation to engage in sexual behavior

Answer 12

Sex drive

Question 13

Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating, particularly used to refer to females in heat

Answer 13

Estrus

Question 14

Any of a number of female sex hormones

Answer 14

Estrogen

Question 15

Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone

Answer 15

Androgen

Question 16

A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states

Answer 16

Non-homeostatic drive

Question 17

A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance

Answer 17

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 18

High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance

Answer 18

Test anxiety

Question 19

assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable levels of arousal

Answer 19

Arousal theory

Question 20

When a person experiences pleasure when taking drugs, when the high wears off they feel the need to keep doing drugs

Answer 20

Opponent-process theory

Question 21

Characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings

Answer 21

Emotion

Question 22

What are the most basic emotions?

Answer 22

Fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance

Question 23

the mildest form of emotion, low-intensity emotional states that can last for many hours, or even days

Answer 23

mood

Question 24

The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands

Answer 24

Autonomic nervous system

Question 25

Activates the body for emergency action for "fighting or feeling"; it does this by avoiding some body systems and inhibiting others

Answer 25

Sympathetic branch

Question 26

Reverses emotional arousal and calms and relaxes the body

Answer 26

Parasympathetic branch

Question 27

A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response, commonly called a "lie detector"

Answer 27

Polygraph

Question 28

A part of the limbic system that produces fear responses

Answer 28

Amygdala

Question 29

Physical arousal (such as increased heart rate) does not follow a feeling such as fear, Instead, emotional feelings follow physical arousal

Answer 29

James-Lange Theory

Question 30

Emotional feelings and physical arousal occur at the same time

Answer 30

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 31

Emotion occurs when we apply a particular label to general psychological arousal

Answer 31

Schacter's Cognitive theory of emotion

Question 32

The foundation of emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions to yourself and others

Answer 32

Perceiving emotions

Question 33

a field that focuses on the psychology of work and on behavior within organizations

Answer 33

(I/O) psychology

Question 34

the use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems

Answer 34

Applied psychology

Question 35

Emphasizes human relations at work and that views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work

Answer 35

Theory Y leadership

Question 36

An approach to leadership that emphasizes work leadership

Answer 36

Theory X leadership

Question 37

Situations that arise in a job with which a competent worker must be able to cope

Answer 37

Critical incidents

Question 38

A paper and pencil test that assesses a person's interests and matches them to interests found among successful workers in various occupations

Answer 38

Vocational interest test

Question 39

the specialty concerned with the relationship between environments and human behavior

Answer 39

Environmental psychology

Question 40

Studying the behavior and psychological aspects of the legal system

Answer 40

Psychology of law

Question 41

A group of "fake" jurors who will imitate what will actually take place in a courtroom

Answer 41

Mock jury

Question 42

Selecting a jury based on social science principles

Answer 42

scientific jury selection

Question 43

jury made up of people who are for or indifferent to the death penalty

Answer 43

Death-qualified jury

Question 44

the basic things about that person such as age, gender, religion, education, etc.

Answer 44

demographic information

Question 45

people who believe that punishment is effective and will likely vote for conviction

Answer 45

authoritarian personality

Question 46

the field that seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct

Answer 46

educational psychology

Question 47

Planned method for effective teaching. Six steps: learned preparation, stimuli presentation, learner response, reinforcement, evaluation, spaced review

Answer 47

Teaching strategy

Question 48

the presentation of factual info by lecture, demonstration and rote practice

Answer 48

direct instruction

Question 49

Instruction based on encouraging students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves

Answer 49

Discovery learning

Question 50

the study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of sports performance

Answer 50

Sports psychology

Question 51

Breaking complex skills into their subparts

Answer 51

Task analysis

Question 52

A series of actions molded into a smooth and efficient performance

Answer 52

motor skills

Question 53

A mental plan or model that guides skilled movement

Answer 53

motor progam

Question 54

Imaging a skilled performance to aid learning

Answer 54

Mental practice

Question 55

A performance during which physical, mental, and emotional states are harmonious and optimal

Answer 55

Peak performance

Question 56

human factors engineering that uses naturally understood perceptual designs

Answer 56

natural designs

Question 57

the empirical investigation of the ease with which users can learn to use a machine

Answer 57

Usability testing

Question 58

engaging in behavior that achieves an acceptable result, rather than an optimal result

Answer 58

Satisficing

Question 59

Participants ("teachers") were instructed to give electric shocks to another person ("learners"), who only pretended to be shocked

Answer 59

Stanley milgram experiment

Question 60

Took college students at Stanford University and separated them into 2 groups: prisoners and guards

Answer 60

Dr. Phillip Zimbardo Experiment

Question 61

What does IRB stand for?

Answer 61

Institutional review board

Question 62

Liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person

Answer 62

Interpersonal attraction

Question 63

Factors of attraction

Answer 63

Physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, complementary qualities, reciprocity of liking

Question 64

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

Answer 64

Intimacy, passion, commitment

Question 65

Intimacy, passion, and commitment produce 7 different kinds of love:

Answer 65

Liking, infatuation, empty, romantic, fatuous, companionate, consummate