Final

Question 1

What are the 5 neutralization techniques?

Answer 1

denial of injury
denial of victim
denial of responsibility
condemnation of condemners
appealing to higher loyalties

Question 2

Social/Environmental

Answer 2

societal influence & peer pressure

Question 3

Genetic/physiological

Answer 3

neuroadaptation

Question 4

Coping/social leaning

Answer 4

Albert Bandura heavily influenced this model

Question 5

Conditioning/reinforcement

Answer 5

acquisition of behaviors

Question 6

Biopsychosocial

Answer 6

integrative model

Question 7

What does DiClemente say is the integrating principle for addiction theories?

Answer 7

Change

Question 8

Name the 2 neural pathways mentioned in your reading related to addiction

Answer 8

dopamine pathway & endogenous opiod reward system

Question 9

T/F neutralization was developed by Albert Bandura in the 1960’s

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T/F the stages of change are part of a larger theory called the Transtheoretical model

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F The stages of change were first developed & tested for alcohol cessation

Answer 11

False

Question 12

T/F Dopamine plays an important role in both reward & addiction

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F DiClemente sough to broaden the definition of addiction in the stages of change book

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F Although the stages of change are typically used to describe the cessation of maladaptive behaviors, DiClemente uses them to illustrate the acquisition of addiction

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Stages of change model

Answer 15

pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance (---> termination)
relapse

Question 16

Components of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 16

Attitude
Subjective Norm
Perceived Behavior Control
Intent
Behavior

Question 17

Definition of addiction according to May

Answer 17

“…any compulsive, habitual behavior that limits freedom of human desire. It is caused by the attachment, or nailing, of desire to specific objects.”

Question 18

What are the 5 characteristics of addiction?

Answer 18

tolerance
withdrawal
distortion of attention
loss of willpower
self deception

Question 19

What 3 Gods do we trust for security, according to May?

Answer 19

power
human relationships
personal possessions

Question 20

In which two ways do we avoid God’s love?

Answer 20

attachment & repression

Question 21

What is detachment, according to May?

Answer 21

freedom OF desire

Question 22

What are the 3 basic nervous system responses?

Answer 22

feedback, adaptation, & habituation

Question 23

What is feedback?

Answer 23

the first line of defense against stress; neurons sending messages to the neuron (ex: stepping on tack & your reflexes cause you to move your foot)

Question 24

What is adaptation?

Answer 24

stress disappears & a new equilibrium is established (ex: vacationing in different time zones)

Question 25

What is habituation?

Answer 25

nerve cells become less sensitive & less responsive to repeated stimuli (ex: beach waves becoming background noise)

Question 26

What is tolerance?

Answer 26

wanting or needing more of the addictive behavior to feel satisfied

Question 27

What is withdrawal?

Answer 27

absence of addictive behavior creates stress reactions or backlash reactions

Question 28

What is self-deception?

Answer 28

the way the mind finds ways to deny the addiction or put off fighting it

Question 29

What is loss of willpower?

Answer 29

after repeated failures to overcome the addiction willpower is lost & motivation to stop becomes hard to find

Question 30

What is distortion of attention?

Answer 30

the way in which addictions force us focus on them & not on something else (can happen w/o us noticing)

Question 31

What is denial & repression?

Answer 31

ignoring the continued & increasing use of a substance subconsciously, they don't think about it

Question 32

What is rationalization?

Answer 32

attempts to justify the behavior

Question 33

What is hiding?

Answer 33

realization that behavior is out of control & attempts to hide it from others

Question 34

What are delay tactics?

Answer 34

mind fights back against you as you attempt to begin quit the behavior putting it off indefinitely

Question 35

What is "I can't handle it"?

Answer 35

repeated failed resolutions create hopelessness

Question 36

What is "I can handle it"?

Answer 36

thinking you are in control & have mastered the addiction right before it blindsides you into relapse

Question 37

What is a breakdown?

Answer 37

total & complete failure which results in a borderline psychotic breakdown, usually with substances, that can not be mastered without assistance

Question 38

What are the 8 self-deception techniques?

Answer 38

``` denial & repression rationalization hiding delay tactics "I can't handle it" "I can handle it" breakdown collusion ```

Question 39

What is collusion?

Answer 39

the nature in which others become victims of the addiction & their methods of dealing with the addicted individual's behaviors perpetuate the problem

Question 40

Who created the neutralization techniques?

Answer 40

Matza & Sykes