final

Question 1

Denotative v. Connotative meaning

Answer 1

denotative meanings (direct, explicit meanings) (dictionary definition)

connotative meanings (implied or suggested meaning) (cultural definition)

example: hot dog

Question 2

Semantics

Answer 2

semantics (relationship of language and meaning)

Question 3

Language-Explosion Theory

Answer 3

language-explosion theory: we build communication skills from core language we develop early in life
(1st language vs. 2nd language)

Question 4

Cybernetic Process

Answer 4

cybernetic process: (responding)

	1. input
	2. stored
	3. stimulus
	4. search
	5. recall
	6. output

Question 5

Slang and dialects (ch.2)

Answer 5

dialects: social or regional variation of a language

slang: words that only a small group of people know
once slang becomes mainstream, it is no longer slang
techno-babble: communication via text, insta, fb, im

Question 6

Emotive, phatic, cognitive, rhetorical and identifying language

Answer 6

1. emotive language: express (w/ cognitive words) feelings, attitudes, emotions
2. phatic: social task (hello, goodbye, small-talk)
3. cognitive: convey info (denotative) (directions)
4. rhetorical: influence thought and behaviors
5. identifying: clarifying(naming persons or things specifically) (can also be hate speech, and labels)

Question 7

Communication Apprehension (Trait v. State), ways to decrease

Answer 7

nervous to speak

trait: born with it, internal nervousness
state: situation

ways to decrease:
> skill training (understand communication skills)
> systematic desensitization (recognize your body tensing up, then relax)
> cognitive modification (think positive)
> drug therapy

Question 8

Cognitive processing

Answer 8

how we deal with information in relationship to our values (what we perceive to be positive or negative worth), attitudes (predispositions), and beliefs (our convictions)

Question 9

Self-concept, ways to improve

Answer 9

your idea or picture of yourself (beliefs on personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, roles)

to improve:
> don’t be hypercritical
> confront negative self-thoughts and beliefs

Question 10

Role of culture on self-communication

Answer 10

social orientation
aspects of your culture that affect the self:
> self-credentialing/self-humbling societies
> doing or being orientation to life (achievement oriented or quality of life, not small achievements)
> attitudes towards others
> high / low context communication

Question 11

Knapp’s Relationship Termination Models

Answer 11

knapp’s relationship termination model:
> differentiating stage (costs exceeding rewards)
> circumscribing stage (less communication)
> stagnating stage (stop discussing relationship, fear of the responses)
> avoiding stage (physically separating)
> terminating stage (break up, divorce)

Question 12

Legitimate, Coercive, Reward power

Answer 12

> legitimate (inspiring responsibility in followers)
reward
coercive (taking away rewards, punishing)

Question 13

“Masculine” and “Feminine” communication styles

Answer 13

masculine: direct, aggressive, blunt, no emotion, strength
feminine: emotional, understanding, empathetic, listening more

Question 14

Theory of Field-Related Standards

Answer 14

different people respond differently to the same evidence / psychological material (present multiple arguments, for the best results)

Question 15

The definition, benefits and drawbacks of EMC

Answer 15

electronically mediated conversation
> positive aspects: we can communicate in so many ways, it’s great! online friends! learn from vidya gaemz, internet jobs
> negative aspects: wasting time, cyber addiction, bullying

Question 16

Ways to establish speaker credibility

Answer 16

reputation, prestige, and authority of speaker
> experience (competence: wisdom, authority, and knowledge of speaker, show that you know what your talking about)
> authority (build off of other experts, if you are not an expert, quote experts)
> charisma (appealing, concerned, enthusiastic (enthusiasm truly engages listeners), sincere, ability to entice others)
> character (reputation, honesty, and sensitivity)

Question 17

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Answer 17

1. attention (1st step of intro)
2. need (problem) in defined (1st part of body)
3. satisfaction (action plan) (2nd part of body)
4. visualization (benefits of proposed solution) (3rd part of body)
5. challenge listener to do something (conclusion)

Question 18

Logical fallacies

Answer 18

info with logical flaws, some speakers use irrelevant arguments to obscure the real issue, some speakers try to say something is true b/c is cannot be disproved, false claims / analogies, reasoning with unrelated passions

examples: ad hominem (attack person not their argument), hypocrisy, circular reasoning (it’s true b/c it’s true)

Question 19

Presenting visuals in a speech

Answer 19

visuals aid, not replace. not distracting

Question 20

5x5 rule

Answer 20

5 lines by 5 words

Question 21

Common pronunciation problems

Answer 21

> sloppy/incorrect pronunciation
(picture > pitcher)
(asked > ax)
> vowel distinction 
(milk > melk)

Question 22

Campus resources for improving speeches

Answer 22

the oral communication center

Question 23

Ways to improve nonverbal delivery

Answer 23

> skill training (understand communication skills) (PRACTICE)
systematic desensitization (recognize your body tensing up, then relax)
cognitive modification (think positive)
drug therapy

Question 24

linguistics

Answer 24

study of sounds, structures, and rules of human language

Question 25

intrapersonal communication

Answer 25

communication with your self (thinking)

Question 26

4 need drives affecting communication

Answer 26

survival reflexive: automatic reactions that communicate fear pleasure seeking sometimes we feel pleasure and pain at the same time security territoriality we intrapersonally define a particular territory, weather physical or perceptual

Question 27

group norm standards

Answer 27

general thinking of a particular group (may be used as a guide)

Question 28

maslow's hierarchy of need

Answer 28

1. psychological well-being needs (hunger, sex, sleep, thirst) 2. safety needs (protection, strength, stability, security) 3. acceptance needs (love and belonging) 4. esteem needs (reputation, self-esteem, prestige) 5. self-actualization needs (self-fulfillment)

Question 29

ways to conquer public speaking anxiety

Answer 29

> skill training (understand communication skills) (PRACTICE) > systematic desensitization (recognize your body tensing up, then relax) > cognitive modification (think positive) > drug therapy

Question 30

knapp's relationship escalation model:

Answer 30

* initialization (meeting each other) * experimenting (asking questions) * intensifying (self-disclosure) * integrating (labels) * bonding (formal sealing of the relationship)