Final

Question 1

Antioch (1097-8)

Answer 1

first major city to fall to the crusaders, took place over new years

Question 2

Jerusalem (1099)

Answer 2

Final major city to fall to crusaders

Question 3

Hatin (1187)

Answer 3

Decisive victory of Salahadin over the crusaders used victory to retake jerusalem

Question 4

Constantinople (1204)

Answer 4

4th crusade, crusaders take over the city

Question 5

Baghdad (1258)

Answer 5

Mongols take the city and sack

Question 6

Any Jaliyah (1260)

Answer 6

Mongols defeated by Mamlucks and their expansion is halted

Question 7

Acre (1291)

Answer 7

Mamluks take the city from the crusaders, given them a foot hold against crusaders

Question 8

Delhi (1399)

Answer 8

Timur, captures Bayezid and gains allegiance of the Bayezids sons

Question 9

Constantinople (1453)

Answer 9

Mahmed II, ottomans conquered Byzantine empire. Byzantines are wiped

Question 10

Granada (1492)

Answer 10

Fall of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella

Question 11

Raymond of St Gilles

Answer 11

Led the first crusade, capture Jerusalem in 1099. Massacres the inhabitants of Jerusalem

Question 12

Richard the Lionheart

Answer 12

Third crusade, triggered by Salahadin; He fought Salahadin to a draw, securing a beach head for the crusaders

Question 13

‘Imad al-Din

Answer 13

Took out the crusader kingdom of edessa. It was an easy inland target. First crusader kingdom to fall

Question 14

Nur al-Din

Answer 14

Son of Imad, wanted to unify cities didn’t want to take damascus by force

Question 15

Salah al Din

Answer 15

Founder of the Ayyubids, Jihadist who retook jerusalem for the muslims

Question 16

al-Kamil

Answer 16

Made a treaty, giving back jerusalem to the crusaders

Question 17

Salih Ayyub

Answer 17

His core of slave soldiers become the Mamluks

Question 18

al-Nasir (1180-1225)

Answer 18

overthrew the seljuq ruler Tughril III

Question 19

Baybars

Answer 19

emerged after ayan jalut founder of the mamluk dynasty, set tone for removal of crusaders

Question 20

Qalavun

Answer 20

patronized famous hospital and continued eliminating crusader cities

Question 21

Osman

Answer 21

founder of the ottoman dynasty battled byzantines and took constantinople

Question 22

Murad I

Answer 22

Massive expansion, took back Bakans and Anatolia, became a sultan, founded the janissries, was assassinated

Question 23

Bayezid

Answer 23

increased centralization, slave system, built very large army and brought into conflict with Timur, Battle of Ankara (1402) “triumph of Timur” captured Bayezed

Question 24

Murad II

Answer 24

Return of Ottomans, treaty with Byzantines created a Navy

Question 25

Mehmed II

Answer 25

conquest to capture Constantinople he cast and had strong centralized government

Question 26

Clavio

Answer 26

Spanish ambassador to Timur at Samurqand, was a first hand source to Timur's court

Question 27

Timur

Answer 27

he has five and seven year conquests, great conqueror, descendants ruled for century over persia and central asia

Question 28

Ibn Arabi

Answer 28

a mystic, the perfect human

Question 29

Maimonides

Answer 29

jewish philosopher from spain, worked in egypt was a Ravi and physician

Question 30

Sunrawadi

Answer 30

Sufi master in Baghdad close to caliph

Question 31

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Answer 31

wrote textbooks on astronomy theology and math, joined ismali court and later mongol court and convinced mongols to build him observatory

Question 32

al-Nawai

Answer 32

lived in damascus, was hadith scholar master jurist

Question 33

Rashid al-Din

Answer 33

wrote universal history in persian for the Ilkhanids

Question 34

Rumi

Answer 34

popular suffi persian poet

Question 35

Ibn Taymiyya

Answer 35

critical of aspects of sunni islam lived in cairo and wrote lots of legal responses

Question 36

Ibn Khaldun

Answer 36

historian on dynasties in cairo

Question 37

Ibn al-Nadia

Answer 37

famous for describing circulation of blood

Question 38

Policies of Ayyubids and Mamluks to crusaders

Answer 38

Ayyubids tolerant and allowed free trade and no one has to die, Mamluks aggressive and wanted to kill crusaders

Question 39

Which three major cities in syria and egypt did crusaders fail to capture

Answer 39

Damascus Cairo and Aleppo

Question 40

Ibn 'Arabi's concept of perfect human

Answer 40

no separation between man and god and it is like a mirror and without god we don't exist, god is a sphere and man is a branch connected to sphere

Question 41

Impact of Mongols and impact on the Mongols

Answer 41

destruction of nishapur, redrew borders between muslim and european world; mongols got really rich and mongols adopted islam and persian culture

Question 42

Muslim Palace in Granada who conquered it and fate of muslims there

Answer 42

Alhambra, conquered by ferdinand and isabella of spain, all muslims had to convert or leave

Question 43

Rumi Discourse 17

Answer 43

there's beast angels and men is a mix, god is the beauty in men and greed is the beast in men

Question 44

5 elements of classical sunni synthesis

Answer 44

union of 4 theological schools, promotion of suffi orders, hadith scholars loyalty to a single caliph