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1
Q

Granular casts seen when?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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2
Q

Benign HTN causes what in arterioles

A

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

Etiology of renal artery stenosis?

A

Atheromatous plaque

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4
Q

Diagnostic test for renal artery stenosis?

A

Renal arteriogram

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5
Q

Acute renal failure s/p MI caused by what?

A

Ischemia leading to acute tubular necrosis

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6
Q

Papillary necrosis

A

Caused by chronic analgesics or ascending infection (pyelonephritis)

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7
Q

What other condition could pt w/ ADPCKD also have?

A

Berry aneurysm

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8
Q

Complication of acute pyelonephritis

A

Perinephric abscess

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9
Q

Etiology of kidney infection

A

Ascending infection

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10
Q

Renal problems caused by analgesics?

A

Papillary necrosis

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11
Q

What would prevent renal stones

A

Alkalinization of urine to increase solubility of uric acid

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12
Q

Alport Syndrome

A

Renal dysfunction, hearing loss, vision loss

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13
Q

What makes phylloides tumor malignant?

A

Mitosis >10/HPF

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14
Q

What to look for in pt presenting w/ Paget’s dz of nipple?

A

Underlying ductal carcinoma of breast

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15
Q

What causes PCOD?

A

LH:FSH > 3:1

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16
Q

Complication and etiology of chocolate cyst?

A

Complication: infertility
Etiology: endometriosis

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17
Q

Call-exner bodies seen in what condition that can lead to _____?

A

Granulosa theca tumor leading to increased estrogen (endometrial carcinoma, breast carcinoma)

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18
Q

Endometrial tissue in myometrium is called what?

A

Adenomyosis

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19
Q

Complication of leiomyoma?

A

Red degeneration (when they outgrow blood supply)

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20
Q

Etiology of CIN?

A

HPV

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21
Q

Most likely cause of pre-eclampsia?

A

Placental ischemia

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22
Q

Choriocarcenoma image

A

.

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23
Q

Complete mole contains what?

A

Empty ovum w/ 2 sperm

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24
Q

Pituitary tumor w/ decreased LH, FSH, and GH. Which level might remain nml?

A

ADH (bc its from posterior, usually spared)

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25
Pt w/ GH adenoma what lab do you check?
IGF-1 (GH half-life is only like 20 mins)
26
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by what
Pt taking lithium drugs
27
Complication of hypothyroidism
Carpal tunnel syndrome
28
Lab results for Grave's Dz?
TSI: high TRH: low TSH: low T3/T4: high
29
Lab levels for Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
``` TRH: high Prolactin: high Cholesterol: high TSH: high T3/T4: low GnRH: low ```
30
MEN2A
Parathyroid hyperplasia Pheochromocytoma Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
31
MEN2B
Pheochromocytoma Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Mucosal neuromas
32
MEN1
Pituitary tumors Pancreatic endocrine tumors (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) Parathyroid adenomas
33
Neuroblastoma
Occurs in adrenals, or in sympathetic chain - produces DA and HVA, catecholamines are secrete Investigation: MIBG scintigraphy
34
Osteopenic
.
35
Achondroplasia
.
36
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
Collagen defect
37
Paget's Dz (bone)
Osteoclast dysfunction
38
What would you see in osteomyelitis
Sequestrum
39
Location for giant cell sarcoma
Epiphysis
40
Location for Ewing's sarcoma?
Diaphysis
41
Auto Ab's in RA?
Anti-citruline protein Ab
42
Osteosarcoma mutation
Rb gene mutation
43
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Dz
44
Pt has dilated eyes what is substance?
Cocaine
45
Pt has pinpoint pupils what is substance?
Heroin
46
Hemotypanum is sign of what?
Basal skull fx
47
Entry wound of GSW?
Abrasion ring
48
Hemophilia A defect?
Factor VIII
49
Heinz bodies
Denatured globin (G6PD)
50
Multiple Myeloma
Lytic bone lesions | Amyloid made up of Ig light chains
51
AML image
t(15;17) most common can also be t(8;21) or t(16;16)
52
Complication of CML?
AML (blast crisis, blasts > 20%)
53
Megaloblastic anemia (image), what is etiology?
Deficiency of folate (6 wks stores), or Vit B12 (6 yr stores)
54
Anemia of chronic dz, pathogenesis?
Iron trapped in macrophages in BM (d/t hepcidin released in chronic inflammatory state) so cant be released to erythromycin precursors
55
Complication of polycythemia vera
Congestion of blood vessels
56
What can EBV cause?
Sporadic Burkitt's Lymphoma, and HL
57
Complication of APML (M3)
DIC
58
Hairy cell leukemia (image)
TRAP +ve
59
CML translocation
t(9;22) BCR-ABL aka Philadelphia chromosome
60
Complication of recurrent transfusions
Hemochromatosis (leads to advanced atherosclerotic dz)
61
Myelofibrosis of BM (image)
Tear drop cells (dacrocytes)
62
Complication of BPH?
Hydronephrosis (can lead to pyelonephritis)
63
Fried egg appearance
Prominent round nuclei w/ prominent nucleolus and large clear cytoplasm + lymphocytic infiltrate *Dysgerminoma of Ovary, Medullary IDC of Breast, Seminoma of testes, Oligodendroglioma of brain
64
Hypercalcemia sx's
Bones (pain), stones (renal), abd groans (pn, n/v, constipation), psychic overtones (depression, fatigue, memory loss, psychosis)
65
Sequelae of O2 therapy in RDS?
- Retrolental fibroplasia d/t O2 toxicity and VEGF things | - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
66
Potter sequence
Pathogenesis: Oligohydramnios d/t renal agenesis ROS: pulmonary hypoplasia, altered fancies, positioning defects, breech presentation *sequence
67
Complication of congenital Rubella infection?
Patent ductus arteriosis (also ocular lesions, deafness)
68
Galactosemia complication
Cataracts and MR
69
Medulloblastoma
Tumor with small round blue cells
70
Haptoglobin levels in all hemolytic anemias?
LOW haptoblobin

Pathology (14 decks)

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