Final

Question 1

Define social construction

Answer 1

When society constructs the aspects of society, such as race, gender class etc.

Question 2

Define prejudice

Answer 2

To prejudge someone negatively based on inadequate information

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Unequal treatment that gives advantages to one group of people over another without justifiable cause

Question 4

Racism

Answer 4

The belief that one race is inherently superior to another

Question 5

Achieved status

Answer 5

A position in a social system that a person attains voluntarily, to a considerable degree, as the result of his or her own efforts.

• work for it yourself

Question 6

Ascribed status

Answer 6

A position in a social system, assigned to a person from birth, regardless to his or her wishes.

• born with it

Question 7

Stereotypes

Answer 7

Exaggerated, distorted, or untrue generalizations about categories of people that do not acknowledge individual variation

Question 8

Status hierarchy

Answer 8

A ranking of social positions according to their perceived prestige or honor

Question 9

Social role

Answer 9

Set of expected behaviors that are associated with particular statuses

Question 10

Dramaturgy

Answer 10

Studying social life as a theater

Goffman

Question 11

Homophily

Answer 11

People are attracted to those that are similar to themselves

Question 12

Stanley milgram experiment

Answer 12

People asked to electrocute people through a wall
Everyone did it because “authority” said so

• people will do whatever they are told

Question 13

Endogamy

Answer 13

Pick people like you

Question 14

Exogamy

Answer 14

Pick people unlike you

Question 15

Groupthink

Answer 15

A form of uncritical thinking in which people reinforce a consensus rather than ask serious questions or thoroughly analyze the situation

Question 16

Norms

Answer 16

A culture’s rules and expectations for appropriate behavior

Question 17

What do we define as normal?

Answer 17

The powerful defines normal

Question 18

Deviance

Answer 18

Behavior that does not conform to basic cultural norms and expectations

Question 19

Collective conscience

Answer 19

The shared norms, beliefs, and values in a community

Durkheim

Question 20

When do you become an alcoholic?

Answer 20

When someone labels you as one

Question 21

Stigma

Answer 21

The shame attached to a behavior or status that is considered socially unacceptable

Negative!

Question 22

Strain theory

Answer 22

A theory that emphasizes that the strain or pressure on those who lack the means to achieve culturally defined goals leads them to pursue deviant routes to success

(Robert K. Martin)

Question 23

Secondary deviance

Answer 23

Deviant behavior that is a response to the negative consequences of labeling

Question 24

Loner deviance

Answer 24

The activities of individuals who commit deviant acts without the social support of other participants

(Marth)

Question 25

Differential association theory

Answer 25

Deviance is learned through interaction with other people involved in deviant behavior (Edwin Sutherland)

Question 26

Control theory

Answer 26

Our behavior is regulated by the strength of our connection to major social institutions, including family, school, and religion. - our behavior is regulated by our social institutions - the more connections you have in society, the less likely you are to be deviant

Question 27

Karl Marx says we have

Answer 27

False consciousness | - we don't know we're laborers

Question 28

Capitalists

Answer 28

Those who sells goods

Question 29

Working class

Answer 29

Those who sell labor

Question 30

Bourgeoisie

Answer 30

Marx's term for capitalists

Question 31

Petite Bourgeoisie

Answer 31

The lower middle class

Question 32

Class mobility

Answer 32

The ability to move from one social class to another

Question 33

Structural mobility

Answer 33

Shift in available occupations changes the class system as a whole - coal miners

Question 34

Individual mobility

Answer 34

When someone's class changes without the entire class structure changing

Question 35

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 35

Lavish spending, done to compete for status with others. | Thorstein Veblen

Question 36

Feminization of poverty

Answer 36

A trend in which women made up an increasingly large share of the poor

Question 37

Social capital

Answer 37

Relationships that are potentially economically valuable resulting from membership in a group - knowing the right people to get what you want

Question 38

Cultural capital

Answer 38

Various types of knowledge, skills, and other cultural resources.

Question 39

WASPS

Answer 39

White Anglo-Saxon Protestant - if you're not a wasp, you're black

Question 40

Pluralism

Answer 40

A + B + C Different race and ethnic groups coexist equally in society

Question 41

Amalgamation

Answer 41

A + B + C -> D When the dominant group A and the minorities join to become a new group

Question 42

Assimilation

Answer 42

A + B + C -> A When the minorities adopt the culture of the dominant group A

Question 43

Segregation

Answer 43

A + B + C -> A + B + C When ethnic groups remain separated and unequal

Question 44

Genocide

Answer 44

A - B - C -> A When minority groups are killed in order to leave just group A left

Question 45

Sex

Answer 45

Biological distinction ``` Male Females Interested Asexual Transsexual ```

Question 46

Gender

Answer 46

Socially constructed expectations of men and women A role!! Man Woman Transgender

Question 47

Sexuality / sexual identity

Answer 47

Person's sexual desires/behaviors ``` Heterosexual Homosexual Bisexual Asexual Pansexual ```

Question 48

Why are men stronger than women?

Answer 48

Because men have been raised to engage in "male" activities and women don't

Question 49

Gender identity

Answer 49

A person's identification as a women, man, or transgender.

Question 50

Gender expression

Answer 50

How you express your gender through clothing, hair, body language etc.

Question 51

Sexism

Answer 51

One sex is superior to the other

Question 52

Who constructs gender first?

Answer 52

Family