FINAL Flashcards
(11 cards)
What type of leadership is conveyed to the group as “We will do it my way. My way is best?”
Autocratic
Leader has goals for the group and the approach is one of persuasion, that his or her ideas and methods are superior.
Productivity is high but morale is often low due to the group’s lack of input and creativity.
Which leadership style focuses on the members of the group, where information is shared with its members to allow them to make decisions regarding the goals for the group:
Democratic
Members are encouraged to participate fully in problem-solving of issues that relate to the group, including taking action to effect change.
Message conveyed to the group: “Decide what must be done, consider the alternatives, make a selection, and proceed with the actions required to complete the task.”
Leader provides guidance and expertise as needed.
Productivity is lower than autocratic but morale is much higher.
This leadership style allows people to do as they please. There is no direction from the leader:
Laissez-Faire
Leadership’s approach is non-involvement.
Goals are undefined.
No decisions are made, no problems are solved, no action is taken.
Members become frustrated and confused, and productivity and morale are low.
The following three phases are of what development?
- Initial or Orientation phase
- Middle or Working phase
- Final or Termination phase
Phases of group development.
Summary of the initial or orientation phase of group development:
Group: leader and group work together to establish rules and goals for the group and introductions are made.
Leader: is expected to orient members to processes, encourage participation, promote trust, establish rules.
Member behavior: is overly polite since trust is not established yet, may try to “get on the good side” of the leader, may be a competition for positions in the “pecking order” of the group.
Summary of the middle or working phase of group development:
Group: cohesiveness established (ideally), work toward completion is undertaken, problem-solving and decision-making occur, mature group = cooperation prevails and differences resolved.
Leader: role diminishes and becomes more of a facilitator. Some functions are shared by certain members as they progress to resolution. Helps resolve conflicts, fosters cohesiveness while keeping members on track.
Member behavior: trust has been established. Turn more often to each other and less to leader for guidance. Accepting of one another’s criticisms and using it constructively. Occasionally subgroups will form and if so, must be confronted and discussed by the entire membership with minimal assistance from the leader.
Summary of the final or termination phase of group development:
Group: The longer the group has been together, the harder it is to terminate. Termination should be mentioned from the outset of its formation and in depth for several meetings prior to the final session. A sense of loss may be in evidence, especially among those who have been successful in their stated purpose.
Leader: Encourages the members to reminisce about what has happened, review the goals and discuss the outcomes, to provide individual feedback and to discuss feelings of loss about the termination of the group.
Member behavior: May express surprise over the actual materialization of the end. This represents the grief response of denial, which may then progress to anger. Anger toward the leader or other members may reflect feelings of abandonment and may lead to discussions of previous losses for which similar emotions were experienced. * Successful termination may help members develop the skills needed when losses occur in other dimensions of their lives.
This is assimilated by group members through mutual sharing and concern for each other:
Altruism.
Providing assistance and support to others creates a positive self-image and promotes self-growth.
Through this, individuals come to realize that they are not alone in the problems, thoughts, and feelings that they are experiencing:
Universality.
Anxiety is relieved by the support and understanding of others in the group who share similar (universal) experiences.
Group members may openly express their feelings within the group and are able to express both positive and negative feelings in a nonthreatening atmosphere, what do we call this curative group involvement?
Catharsis.
They may feel free to express themselves in a way that they have never been able to before… it is beneficial for the individual within the group.
Instillation of HOPE UNIVERSALITY Imparting INFORMATION ALTRUISM Corrective RECAPITULATION of the primary family group Development of SOCIALIZING TECHNIQUES IMITATIVE behavior INTERPERSONAL learning Group COHESIVENESS CATHARSIS EXISTENTIAL factors
These are all curative factors of therapeutic groups.
It may be helpful for a group leader to explain these factors to members of the group. Positive responses are experienced by individuals who understand and are able to recognize curative factors as they occur within the group.
universality: shared issues
altruism:
