Final Flashcards
(40 cards)
syphilis etiology
caused by bacterium. passed from person to person through direct contact with a sore. passed on congenitally though transplacental inoculation
syphilis symptoms
primary stage: single sore (chancre) on lip or penis. firm, round, small, painless
secondary stage: rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue
latent stage: no S/S but damage to internal ogans
tertiary stage: damage to brain, nerves, eyes, heart, vessels, paralysis, blindness, dementia
newborns: congenital syphilis, stillbirth, death after birth, physical deformity/neurological complications
syphilis treatment
early stages: single shot of penicillin
Longer than 1 year: penicillin given IM q week for 3 weeks
penicillin cures infection but will not reverse damage already done
genital herpes s/s
1st outbreak within 2 weeks after viral transmission. blisters appear then break and leave ulcers that take 2-4 wks to heal. may have mild or no s/s
recurrent painful genital sores. more susceptible to HIV
newborn implication: congenital herpes, microcephaly, hepatitis, seizures, DIC
genital herpes treatment
antiviral drugs like acyclovir or valacyclovir can shorten outbreaks. no cure
genital warts HPV
caused by HPV and spread through genital contact. no cure. S/S: visible perineal warts, no S/S. can cause cervical cancer
tx: podophyllin, liquid nitrogen, trichloroacetic acid
newborn implications: podophyllin possibly teratogenic
hepatitis B
etiology: blood and body fluids via sex, blood exposure, sharing needles, razors or toothbrushes
s/s: no symptoms or jaundice, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, gray stools, joint pain
newborn implications: chronic carrier more likely when infection occurs near time of delivery
latent phase of labor
onset of regular uterine contractions to the beginning of the active phase of cervical dilation
abnormal is > 20 hours in nullips or > 14 in multips
arrest of descent
no descent of failure of progress for 1 hour. caused by cephalo-pelvic disproportion, fetal malpresentation, inappropriate use of anesthesia, excessive sedation
bacterial vaginosis / BV
vaginal infection
excessive amount of thin, water, white or gray vaginal discharge. foul odor “fishy”, 50% of women have no S/S. increases susceptibility to other STI’s and HIV. increased risk for PTL. eye infections in newborns
Tx: Flagyl/metronidazole, clindamycin
Candiasis
vaginal infection. viral
S/S - women: pruritis, vaginal soreness, dyspareunia, dysuria, abnormal discharge. men: itchy rash on penis
Newborn implications- thrush, breastfeeding issues
trichomoniasis
most common curable STI. caused by parasite. most common in vagina in women and urethra in men.
S/S = men: irritation inside penis, mild discharge, burning after urination or ejaculation
women: frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with odor. dyspareunia, irritation and pruritis of genitals. symptoms appear 5-28 days after exposure
increased susceptibility to HIV
Newborn implications: PROM, PTB, low birth weight
chlamydia
reportable disease, bacterial
S/S - often asymptomatic. abnormal discharge or dysuria. located in vagina, uterus, urethra, rectum and throat
can lead to PID, infertility, chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy
newborn implications: conjunctivitis, chlamydial pneumonia, death, PROM
gonorrhea
caused by bacteria. often no S/S. some men have dysuria, penile discharge, swollen/painful testicles. women could have dysuria, vaginal discharge, increased vaginal bleeding
can cause PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility. in men it can cause epididymitis
newborn implications: opthalmia neonatorum, cornea, ulcerations, sepsis, 30-50% of SVD will be infected
chlamydia treatment
cured with azithromycin or doxycycline
gonorrhea treatment
combo of antibiotic for gonorrhea and azithromycin for chlamydia bc they often occur together
trichomoniasis treatment
abstain from sex and Flagyl
Candiasis treatment
antifungal agent like fluconazole
Loss
any experience in which a valued person or object can no longer be seen, touched, heard or experienced
Perinatal loss
loss is complicated bc fetus being “known” is typically limited to pregnany woman through fetal movements, pregnancy s/s. Partner can “know” fetus through feeling movement too
Disenfranchised grief
Loss and they haven’t told anyone. It is not openly acknowledged, not mourned publicly, limits social support, isolated, grief is undefined and unseen
miscarriage
loss from conception to 20 weeks gestation
fetal death / stillborn
loss after 20 weeks gestation and before birth
early neonatal death
death less than 7 days old
