FINAL

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the study of the “house”

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated

Question 3

Biological Species Concept

Answer 3

members of the same species should have the opportunity to reproduce together

Question 4

Isolating Properties of species (4)

Answer 4

pheromones
geography
habitats
behavior

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

organisms of the same species occupying a particular place at a particular time

Question 6

Community

Answer 6

all individuals of all species in a given area

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

the community and its non-living components/surroundings

Question 8

Biotic

Answer 8

living

-in a continuous cycle with its opposite

Question 9

Abiotic

Answer 9

nonliving (atmosphere/water)

-in a continuous cycle with its opposite

Question 10

population growth equation

Answer 10

N=rX+I-E-D

Question 11

N=

Answer 11

final number

Question 12

r=

Answer 12

reproductive potential

• how quickly a species reproduces
• give the species everything it needs to grow

Question 13

X=

Answer 13

initial number

Question 14

I=

Answer 14

immigration

Question 15

E=

Answer 15

emmigration

Question 16

D=

Answer 16

mortality factor

-keeps r from going over K

Question 17

K=

Answer 17

carrying capacity

-number of individuals in a population that can be sustained indefinitely

Question 18

Limiting Factors of K

Answer 18

1. Density dependent
2. Density independent
3. Predation

Question 19

Density Dependent Limiting Factors Examples

Answer 19

food, shelter, disease, and war

Question 20

Density independent Limiting Factors Examples

Answer 20

temperatures, earthquakes, and natural disasters

Question 21

Predation Limiting Factor

Answer 21

killing off a species predator to increase population of said species

Question 22

Survivorship Curve

Answer 22

measures what potential survivorship a person has at a certain point in the r life

Question 23

Reproductive Strategies

Answer 23

This can be either Opportunistic or Equilibrium; when a population chooses whether or not they will put their energy into mass production or not

Question 24

Opportunistic Strategy

Answer 24

Rats/Weeds (r)

• many small young
• rapid maturation
• little paternal care
• reproduce only once
• small body sizes
• poor adult survival

Question 25

Equlibrium

Answer 25

Elephants/people (K) - few large young - large body size - good adult survival - reproduce many times - intense paternal care - slow maturation

Question 26

Symbiosis

Answer 26

Interaction where 2 organisms are living together in some way - mutalism - Commensalism

Question 27

Mutualism

Answer 27

relationship that is beneficial to both parties

Question 28

Commensalism

Answer 28

relationship where one benefits and the other is uneffected

Question 29

Competition

Answer 29

Interaction with two species with very similar requirements

Question 30

Fundamental Niche

Answer 30

everything that is needed by a certain creature

Question 31

Realized Niche

Answer 31

everything that a creature gets after competition

Question 32

Niche

Answer 32

all the physical, chemical, and biological factors needed in a habitat and the roles played by a species

Question 33

Gause’s Principle/Competitive Exclusion

Answer 33

"complete competitors cannot exist" | -same species will always kill the other

Question 34

Niche Partitioning

Answer 34

species divide an area out so that they do not have to be competitive -MacAurthur

Question 35

Predation

Answer 35

one creature killing another weaker creature | -makes the rest of weak species stronger

Question 36

Coevolution of Predator and Prey

Answer 36

over time, prey organisms should be getting better at defending themselves and predators should be better at capturing their prey

Question 37

Parasitism

Answer 37

a creature living inside of your body that does not want you to be killed immdiately

Question 38

Parasitoid

Answer 38

a creature that lays eggs inside a living body and lets the juices of the creature nourish its young

Question 39

Community Succession

Answer 39

communities predictably changing over time where one community takes place of the next

Question 40

Sere

Answer 40

a community within a sequence of community succession

Question 41

Climax Community

Answer 41

the community that will remain forever and will continue on if undisturbed

Question 42

Primary Community

Answer 42

the absolute beginning with nothing that takes eons to form (raw rock)

Question 43

Secondary Community

Answer 43

mature soil; takes about 100 years or so to form

Question 44

Island Biogeography

Answer 44

an island in the middle of the ocean is a bigger target for creatures depending on the size and roundedness

Question 45

Examples of Coevolution of pred and prey (4)

Answer 45

1. Structural 2. chemical 3. coloration 4. parasitism

Question 46

Chemical Secondary compounds (coevolution)

Answer 46

extra compounds meant for protection IE Latex in a plant is poison

Question 47

Examples of Coloration in coevolution

Answer 47

1. camouflage 2. Counter Shading 3. warning coloraiton 4. mimicry 5. Mullerian 6. Batesian

Question 48

Mullerian (coevolution)

Answer 48

a group of organisms sharing the same coloration and defense IE Buzzing= wasp, honey bee

Question 49

Batesian (coevolution)

Answer 49

harmless mimic resembling a harmful model

Question 50

What is a human's survivorship curve?

Answer 50

chance of surviving whole life, then dropping quickly

Question 51

What is a bird's survivorship curve?

Answer 51

rapidly decreasing

Question 52

What is a Oyster's survivorship curve?

Answer 52

no chance of survival until it gets older then it will live for a long time