Final

Question 1

water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

Answer 1

Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic

Question 2

Which of the main components of energy expenditure uses the greatest percentage of total energy expenditure?

Answer 2

Resting energy expenditure

Question 3

The gradual increase in calorie intake that occurs over time when a person tries to lose weight by restricting calorie intake is known as?

Answer 3

Calorie creep

Question 4

Vitamins isolated from foods or synthesized in the laboratory are?

Answer 4

The same chemical compounds and work equally as well in the body

Question 5

Using info from the text, describe two ways you can preserve vitamin content when storing, preparing or cooking foods.

Answer 5

freeze- freeze as quickly as possible after picking

limit amount of cook time- help decrease the number of vitamins that escape

Question 6

Which statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 6

DNA directs the order of the amino acid on the protein

Question 7

Which of the following body constituents is not made of mainly proteins?

Answer 7

Bone

Question 8

What happens to the structure of a protein when it becomes denatured?

Answer 8

It becomes unfolded

Question 9

Explain what a high quality or complete protein has that an incomplete protein doesn’t have

Answer 9

It has all 9 essential nutrients fro the body

Question 10

The continuous degradation of existing proteins and synthesis of new proteins is known as

Answer 10

protein turnover

Question 11

to support times of rapid growth or recovery from severe illness, a person must consume more protein daily than he or she loses is know as

Answer 11

positive protein balance

Question 12

An energy deficit of 100 kcal per day would result in a total weight loss of about 10 lbs over the course of _____ period

Answer 12

3 years

Question 13

Thermic effect of food represents the energy cost of

Answer 13

digesting, absorbing and packaging nutrients

Question 14

A well designed weight-loss diet should

Answer 14

increase physical activity, alter problem behaviors, reduce energy intake

Question 15

all of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except

Answer 15

low calorie intake

Question 16

the intent of bariatric surgery is to

Answer 16

limit stomach volume

Question 17

basal metabolism

Answer 17

represents about 60-75% of total calories used by the body during a day

Question 18

it is recommended that adults should do the equivalent of ___ minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity each week for weight loss and to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight

Answer 18

300

Question 19

Probably the most important contributing factor for obesity rates today in the US is

Answer 19

inactivity

Question 20

the major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of

Answer 20

body fat

Question 21

for most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for

Answer 21

basal metabolism

Question 22

vitamins are classified as

Answer 22

organic and inorganic

Question 23

a vitamin synthesized by bacteria in the intestine is

Answer 23

K

Question 24

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because

Answer 24

exposure to sunlight converts a precursor into vitamin D

Question 25

a deficiency of vitamin A can lead to the disease called

Answer 25

xerophthalmia

Question 26

Vitamin E functions as

Answer 26

an antioxidant

Question 27

bowed legs, an enlarged and misshapen head, enlarged knee joints in children are all symptoms of

Answer 27

rickets

Question 28

A deficient intake of ____ has been shown in increase the risk of having a baby with a neural tube defect such as spina bifida

Answer 28

folate

Question 29

vitamin C is necessary for the production of

Answer 29

collagen

Question 30

B vitamins are called the energy vitamins because they

Answer 30

are part of coenzymes needed for release of energy from carbs, fats and protein

Question 31

Noodles, spaghetti and bread are made from wheat flour that is enriched with all of the following nutrients except

Answer 31

vitamin B-6

Question 32

which of the B vitamins is sensitive to and can be degraded by light

Answer 32

riboflavin

Question 33

Niacin can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid

Answer 33

tryptophan

Question 34

Avidin, a component of raw eg whites may decrease the absorption of

Answer 34

biotin

Question 35

choline is an important component of

Answer 35

a phospholipid

Question 36

which of the following meals is most compatible with American institute for cancer research guidelines for caner prevention

Answer 36

poached salmon, steamed broccoli and corn on the cob.

Question 37

Dietary heme iron is derived from

Answer 37

animal flesh

Question 38

Chloride is

Answer 38

a component of hydrochloric acid

Question 39

Minerals involved in fluid balance are

Answer 39

sodium and potassium

Question 40

in a situation where there is an insufficient intake of dietary iodide, the thyroid-stimulating hormone promotes the enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition is called

Answer 40

goiter

Question 41

Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is found in

Answer 41

bones and teeth

Question 42

At the end of long bones, inside the spinal vertebrae, and inside flat bones of the pelvis is a spongy type of bone known as

Answer 42

trabecular bone

Question 43

Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid

Answer 43

intracellular

Question 44

the primary function of sodium is to maintain

Answer 44

fluid distribution

Question 45

hypertension is defined as a blood pressure greater than

Answer 45

140/90

Question 46

Which of the following individuals are most likely to develop osteoporosis

Answer 46

slender, inactive women who smoke

Question 47

There are an estimated ____ chronically undernourished people in the world

Answer 47

1 billion

Question 48

the number one killer of children in developing countries is

Answer 48

diarrhea

Question 49

The human organism is particularly susceptible to the effects of under nutrition during

Answer 49

pregnancy, childhood, infancy

Question 50

A barrier to solving under nutrition in the developing world is NOT

Answer 50

a lack of manpower

Question 51

Many of the child deaths each year in developing countries could be prevented if

Answer 51

sanitation and hygiene were improved

Question 52

The supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program allows

Answer 52

low-income people to purchase food and seeds with government-issued electronic benefit transfer cards

Question 53

a long term solution to world hunger is

Answer 53

jobs and self-sufficiency

Question 54

Bt corn has been genetically modified to make

Answer 54

a protein toxic to caterpillars that can destroy the corn plant

Question 55

Genetically modified soybeans make up approximately ___% of the soybeans grown in the US

Answer 55

90

Question 56

FDA requires the statement "contains genetically modified ingredients" on the label of all foods containing genetically modified ingredients

Answer 56

False

Question 57

the reason the incidence of obesity increases with age is that

Answer 57

the basal metabolic rate decreases, physical activity often decreases, energy intake exceeds energy expenditure

Question 58

Nutrition programs such as congregate meals or home delivered meals provide which of the following

Answer 58

an improved nutritional status, a social atmosphere, an economical meal for low-income elderly

Question 59

Among the older population of the US, the age of fastest growing segment is ____ years

Answer 59

85+

Question 60

Which of the following accurately portrays a theory about the causes of aging

Answer 60

excess free radicals damage cell components

Question 61

The immune systems becomes less efficient with age, so it is especially important to consume adequate ____ and ____ nutrients that contribute to immune function

Answer 61

protein, zinc

Question 62

Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease

Answer 62

consume adequate B vitamins, vitamin B-6 and B-12 and folate

Question 63

TO maintain optimal nutritional status and healthy weight, the diet of an older person should have a ____ nutrient density and be ___ in energy content

Answer 63

high, moderate

Question 64

Donald has been diagnosed with cirrhosis, To cope with his impaired liver function, he will need to

Answer 64

minimize his alcohol intake

Question 65

Alcohol is digested in the

Answer 65

no where because it doesn't require digestion

Question 66

Alcohol is most damaging to the

Answer 66

liver cells because it is where alcohol is metabolized