FINAL Flashcards

Question

tallmadge amendment

Answer 1

* who: * James Tallmadge * republican congressman from NY * what: * proposed that.. * the introduction of further slaves be prohibited * that children of those already in Missouri be freed by the age of 25 * passed the House * where most northern congressmen supported it over the objections of southern representatives * BUT died in the Senate * Senator Thomas of Illinois proposed a compromise- CONGRESS passed as the Missouri Compromise * missouri was able to draft a constitution without tallmadge's restriction * maine (which prohibited slavery) would be admitted to the union to maintain the sectional balance between free and slave states * slavery would be prohibted in all remaining territory without the LA Purchase north of Missouri's southern boundary * when: * 1819 * where: * Missouri * why it matters: * sparked over two years of controversy * during which Republican unity shattered among sectional lines * led to the Missouri Compromise

Answer 2

* who: * one of the two Shawnee brothers * chief who sought to revitilize Indian life * what: * a militant message was expounded by the two brothers * he had refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1796 * his brother called for complete separate of the whites, the revival of indian culture and resistance to federal policies * believed that whites were the source of all evil in the world * he traversed the mississippi valley- stating that the alternative to Indian resistance was extermination * he repudiated chiefs that sold land to the gov. * called for attacks on American frontier settlements in 1810 * when: * 1800-1812: age of prophecy * where: * Mississippi Valley? * why it matters: * called for attacks on American fronteir settlements in 1810 * in 1811, when he was absent, American forces under William Henry Harrison destroyed Prophetstown in the Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 3

military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory

Answer 4

* who: * Cherokee's own term for their forced removal * * what: * most tribes adopted a policy of passive resistance * except for one faction of a tribe who had agreed to cede their lands * federal soldiers forcibly removed them during the presidency of Jackson's successor, Martin Van Buren * army herded 18,000 cherokee men, women, and children into stockades and then forced them to move west * removal route from Georgia to present-day Oklahoma * 15,000 forced to march, 4,000 died on the way * when: * 1838-1839 * where: * from Southeast to Indian lands (later Oklahoma) * why it matters: * at least one quarter of the people forced to move died * people were forced out of their homes as a result of Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 5

* who: * men * what: * form of voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of... * income * property * religion * race * or any other qualification. * sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote." * why it matters: * grants every male the right to vote- INCLUDING non-white males

Answer 6

* who: * western Pennsylvania farmers * federalists * what: * violent protest by western Pennsylvania farmers sought to block collection of the new tax on distilled spirits (alcohol) * the "rebels" invokes the symbols of 1776, displaying liberty poles and banners reading "Liberty or Death" * Washington and 13,000 of his military men went to western Penn. and the "rebels" offered no resistence * when: * 1794 * where: * western Pennsylvania * why it matters: * this was the only time in American history that a president has actually commanded an army in the field * the federalists may have been the only major party in American history forthrightly to proclaim democracy and freedom dangerous in the hands of ordinary citizens

Answer 7

* who: * author of "The Liberator" & "Thoughts on African Colonization" * what: * some of his ideas were rejected by many abolitionists * his suggestion that the North abrogate the Constitution * & dissolve the Union to end its complicity in the evil of slavery * but his call for immediate abolition of slavery echoed throughout antislavery circles * his pamphlet "Thoughts on African Colonization" persuaded many foes of slavery that blacks must be recognized as part of American slavery * NOT viewed as aliens to be shipped overseas * when: * 1831 * where: * Boston * why it matters: * because of his book, new breed of abolitionism found its voice

Answer 8

* who: * the court? * what: * Georgia tried to seize Cherokee land and nullify the tribe's laws * the court proclaimed that Indian nations were a distinct people with the right to maintain a separate political identity * believed that they must be dealt with by the federal government, not the states, and Georgia's actions violated the Cherokee's treaties with Washington * when: * 1832 * where: * Georgia & Washington? * why it matters: * because of this and events that took place after- led to the Trail of Tears * this case seemed as if the Court changed its mind about Indian nations and their rights to maintain a separate political identity

Answer 9

AMERICAN NATIONALISM * **Consider the ups and downs of national unity from the historical periods** * _The establishment of British colonies_ * the US traces its origins to the 13 Colonies founded by Britain in the 17th and early 18th century * residents identified with Britain until the mid-18th century when the sens of being "American" emerged * The Albany Plan (of Union) 1754 * plan to create a unified government for the colonies * failed because unions were afraid of losing their own autonomy or self-government * british also dropped the plan because they wanted to make the management of the colonies simple * colonies soon faced several common grievances over acted passed by the British gov * ex. taxation without representation * americans were in agreement that only their colonial legislatures could pass taxes * Boston Tea Party * political protest * destroyed an entire shipment of tea * the London gov. punished Boston for the BTP * Colonies united to create the Continental Congress * congress unanimiously issued the Declaration of Independence * declaring a new nation was fomed- USA * _The Colonial Era_ * first colony founded in Jamestown, VA * many people who settled there came there to escape religious persecution or political oppression * in both VA and Mass. the colonies all flourished with assistance from Native Americans * _The Revolution_ * growing political and philisophical differences put a strain on the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies * protests against taxation without representation followed the stamp act and then the boston tea party * SA: imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London * british attempts to disarm Massachusetts militia at Concord led to open combat * forces seiged boston, forcing a british evacuation * american attempt to invade Quebec failed * Continental congress voted for independence * Sir William Howe launched British counteroffensive * captured New York and left American moral at a low * victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence * British launched an invasion of Quebec, intending to Isolate the New England colonies * was defeated in Saratoga * France then allied with America and entered the war * Spain entered a year later as an ally of France but not as an ally of the US * Britain scored a victory over the French navy * Treaty of Paris * agreed to formally end the war * _The Early Republic_ * period of transition * The Bill of Rights is ratified * designed to protect the basic rights of U.S. citizens * 12 ammendments for US constitution * guaranting freedom of speech, press, assembly, and exercise of religion, bear arms * Bank of the United States is established * The Whiskey Rebellion * tax put on whiskey to pay off some debt from Revolutionary war * farmers accustomed to using crops to be distilled into whiskey were pissed * violent riots and protests break out * Alien and Sedition Acts * four bills passed that made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed the present to deport or imprison non-citizens who seemed dangerous * many believed it violated rights in the constitution * Lousiana Purchase * doubled the size of America * increased aggriculture, trade, and exploration * dependency on foreign countries could be vanished * sparked a sense of american pride that had been dormant for many years * New Jersey ends slavery * Lewis and Clark expedition * first american expedition to cross western portion of the US * to explore the newly aquired territory and establish american presence * created a sense of union and american pride when they returned home * something/one to be proud of * African Slave Trade ends * War of 1812 * US took on Great Britian, greatest naval power * Americans did suffer at the hands of British in war, including capture and burning of capital- washington dc * BUT they were able to repulse british invasions in NY, Baltimore, and NOLA * boosted national confidence and fostered a new patriotic spirit * Missouri Compromise * Monroe Doctrine * _The Antebellum Era_ * Treaty of Ghent * ends the war of 1812 * Panic of 1837 * depression beginning with financial panic * panic of 1839 * John Tyler becomes president? * Mexican-American war * Gold Rush * Seneca Falls Convention * Republican Party founded * Panic of 1857 * Married woman gain rights * Lincoln elected? * _The Civil War_ * North's triumph in Civil War * ratification of the 14th ammendment * _Reconstruction_

Answer 10

DEMOCRACY * **Describe the ideal notion of class relations in the colonial era** * Colonial Elite * **Describe the breakdown of class relations in the beginning (especially in Virginia)** * _Colonial Elite_ * the men of province controlled colonial government * high status most likely obtained through family connections * richest- South Carolina planters * lived lavish lifestyles * imported furniture, fine wines, silk clothing, and other items from England * wealth enabled the class to enjoy the social life of Charleston * the richest city in British America * their rights: * to vote * worship as they pleased * modeled their lives on British etiquette and behavior * viewed work as something reserved for the common folks and slaves * freedom from labor was the mark of the gentleman * _Colonial Middle Class_ * by 18th century, colonial farm families viewed landownership as a right, the social precondition of freedom * strongly resent efforts to limit their access to land * had an understanding of freedom as not relying on others for a livelihood * _Poverty/Slavery_ * __visible feature of 18th century colonial life * growing numbers * lived in impoverished conditions * viewed as lazy, shiftless, and responsible for their own plight * **Explain how class differences became more important by the American Revolution (think George R.T. Hewes)** * George R.T. Hewes * acquantaince of John Hancock * leading merchant of boston, signed Dec. of Independence * their first meeting was a perfect example of social/class roles prior to the revolutionary era * whoever was in the lower class was expecter to express their deference to their social betters without question * however, within a decade, the system of deference no longer appeared to be the social norm * During the Tea Party, he was selected as one of the leaders of his boarding party * DESPITE his low social status * people began to act to gain their human rights, and deference gradually became a thing of the past * **Discuss gradual efforts to make America more democratic during and after the Revolution, nothing that some efforts succeeded while others failed.** * YOUR ANSWER SHOULD END W/ RECONSTRUCTION

Answer 11

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION * **AOC** * the articles sought to balance the need for national coordination of the War of Independence * with widespread fear that centralized political power posed a danger to liberty * declared the new national government to be a "perpetual union" * 13 states retained their individual "soverignty, freedom, and independence" * **Briefly discuss the complaints of the groups of people who were directly hurt by/unhappy with the government** * _Indians_ * americans spoke of their territories as "empty" but there were 100,000 indians within the region * congress took the position that by aiding the British, indians forfeited the rights to their lands * american reps demanded and recieved large surrenders of Indian land norh of the Ohio River * similar treaties soon followed with the Cherokee, Choctaw, and Chicksaw tribes * the treaties secured national control of a large part of the country's western hemisphere * _farmers_ * the confederation government faced conflicting pressures * many believed that the economic health of the new republic required that farmers have some access to land in the west * BUT they also saw land sales as a potential source of revenue * Shay's rebellion * _group of Ohioans_ * asked that the preference in land ownership be given to "actual settlements" * their motto was "grant us liberty" * **Why did these groups of people push for the national government?** * they believed that liberty had lost some of its luster * they believed the danger to individual rights now arose from the people themselves * not a tyrannical central gov * **Discuss how and why some members of the Washington Administration promoted these reforms. Cite two examples** * the articles sought to balance the need for national coordination of the War of Independence * _Land Ordinance of 1784_ * established stages for self government in the west * regulated land sales in the region north of the Ohio River by dividing land into sections and selling * in each township, one section would be set aside to provide funds for public education * _Northwest Ordinance of 1787_ * pledged that the "utmost good faith" would be observed toward local indians and their land would not be taken without consent * also prohibited slavery in the old northwest

Answer 12

MARKET REVOLUTION * **Discuss the development of the Market Revolution and it's effect on the lives of the new American middle class** * _women_ * household declined as a center of economic production * many of their traditional roles were undermined by the availability of mass-produced goods previously made at home * woman's "place" was in the home * supposted to remain cloistered in the private realm of the family * her role was to sustain non-marker values like love, friendship, and mutual obligation * providing men with a shelter from the competitive market place * with more men leaving home for work.. * women did exercise considerable power over personal affairs within the family * had the consious decision to limit the number of children they bore-rapid decline in American birthrates * during the expanding middle class, staying home became a badge of respect * _women in work_ * __could not compete freely for employement * only low paying jobs available to them * husbands controlled the wages of their wives because.. * they could not sign independent contracts * sue in their own names * _blacks_ * most blacks were slaves, but even FREE blacks found themselves excluded from new economic opportunities * blacks living in free states suffered discrimination in every phase of their lives * majority of blacks lived in the poorest, unhealthiest sections of cities * subject to ocassional violent assaults by white mobs * banned from schools and other public facilities * federal law barred them from access to public land * **What produced the economic changes that we call the Market Revolution?** * \*War of Independence\* * the power of the federal gov. grew under the _American System_ * led to many improvements like expanded road ways and canal systems * system consisted of three parts * tarriff to protect and promote american industry * national bank to foster commerce * federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other internal improvements to develop profitable markets for agriculture * **What attitudes and values did the new middle class promote and why?** * ****_women_ * __some women expressed new definition of feminity * glorified her ability to create a private environment shielded from the competitive tensions of the market economy * NOT the woman's contribution to the family's economic well-being * **Use sources from ch. 8 Going to the Source- Explain how the advice literature of the early 1800s described the characteristics and behavior of the ideal father, mother, and child** * _father_ * typically breadwinner * holds power over the family almost like a king and his subjects * fathers began taking jobs outside of the home, and mother's role greatened * before 1800, advice literature written on child bearing was written mostly by men * as well as advice on family gov * _mother_ * typically stay at home mother * notion of Republican Motherhood gave women the social authority to write and publish their own opinions on the family and domestic life * encouraged female education because they had to be able to teach their kids school subjects * when husbands took jobs out of home, mothers roles greatened * role in child rearing became more pronounced and the family's domestic life grew under her authority * _child_ * should be seen but not heard * _boys_ * dutiful to mother and father * obedient to master * loving to all his play fellows * dilligent in learning and takes pleasure in improving his mind * wakes up early, makes himself clean and decent, and says his prayers * if he is ever at fault, he confesses and is sorry for it * he is always ready to answer the question that is asked of him * _girls_ * pretty * well behaved * expected to read books and celebrate the roles they would assumes as wives and mothers * must be acustomed to taking share in household duties * knows how to sew, knit, cook * should consider it her department * at age 12 * begin superintending the household * keeping up with weekly expenses * learn anything effectually, not stand by and watch others do them

Answer 13

JACKSON'S PRESIDENCY * How did the issues of nullification and Native American removal reflect this tension? * Which side did Jackson support in each case and why? * Using ch 9 of GTTS- How did Elias Boudinot and Jeremiah Evarts use the idea of civilization to argue against removal and to cast the supporters of removal as uncivilized? * What stereotypes about American Indians did Boudinot and Evarts try to overcome?

FINAL Flashcards

(37 cards)