Final Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
SKU
A
Stock Keeping Unit
2
Q
OH
A
Factory Overhead
3
Q
PERT
A
Process Evaluation Review Technique
4
Q
PPE
A
Personal Protection Equipment
5
Q
P&L
A
Profit and Loss
6
Q
Explain briefly the concept of Value Added
A
It is what the customer is willing to pay in/for your product.
7
Q
How much has the productivity increased in the US in the last 100 years?
A
4% anually
8
Q
Mention at least two indicators of World Class Manufacturing
A
Lead time, inventory turnover, quality cost
9
Q
What is the external time of a task in SMED analysis?
A
It is the things the operator does that do not have relationship or include the machine.
10
Q
Definition of Methods Engineering
A
It is the design, creation and selection of the best methods, tools, equipment, skills, etc. to make a product with the standards and caracteristics necessaries.
11
Q
Mention the two primary objectives of standards and job design
A
Increase productivity and reduce unit cost
12
Q
What is a Standard
A
Is a guide that tells you how many or how fast you should do something.
13
Q
Mention the 3 ways explained to increase productivity
A
- do more with less
- do more with the same
- do the same with less
14
Q
He is the creator of the 12 principles of efficiency
A
Harrington Emmerson
15
Q
What is the most important contribution from Gilbreth´s to method engineering?
A
Study of movements, therbligs.
16
Q
Mention 3 charts used as Exploratory for methods and measurement of work
A
- Gantt chart
- Pareto Diagram
- PERT Chart
- Fishbone Diagram
17
Q
How else is known the Fishbone diagram?
A
Cause - effect
18
Q
Mention the most important improvement of a PERT chart versus a Gantt chart
A
It allows you to find the optimal / critical route of activities.
19
Q
Name the Exploratory Tool that consists of a questionnaire aimed at identifying in a simple way the main areas of improvement of an operator and his work station.
A
work analysis
20
Q
Which are the 5 main symbols used in a Process Flow Diagram and what does each one represent?
A
Operation (O - círculo) Transport (→ - flecha hacia la derecha) Storage (▼- triángulo hacia abajo) Delay (D - medio cuadrado con un lado circular) Inspection ( ▄ -rectángulo)
21
Q
What is the 5s methodology?
A
It is a methodology wich main objective is to increase productivity using order, cleaninless, discipline, and compromise to improve the work space.
22
Q
Mention the 5s in Japanese
A
Seiri Seiton Seiso Seiketsu Shitsuke
23
Q
What is the purpose of red cards in 5s methodology?
A
To mark the areas of oportunity in the sort “s”.
24
Q
Complete the 5s quote: “———————- and everything in its place”.
A
A place for every thing
25
Mention to which of the 5s refers the quote in the previos question of the quote "A place for every thing and everything in its place".
Set in order
26
BOM
Bill of Material
27
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
28
NWB
Natural Wet Bulb
29
TWA
Total/time Weighted Average
30
Productivity is equal to:
Production divided by resources used
31
Something better than improving an operation is...
eliminating it
32
Name at least to ways to simplify the Design of a Product
Reduce the number of parts
Reduce the operations or distances
Better material
33
Give an example of a product that applie Design for environment and explain why it is DFE
An straw made of carton, or biogradable plastic bags that consider their impact on the envornment and try to diminishes the damage.
34
The arrows that indicate the side by which a box should be opened "open this side" are an example of Poka Yoke? Why?
No. Because the person can ignore the sign and open the box anothe way, without causing any damage.
35
The suggestion of the use of SMED to which of the 10 steps of the Job analysis correspond?
Preparation and tools (6)
36
Name 3 of the 4 types of plant distribution (Layouts)
by product, by process, by job, manufacturing cells
37
Name 3 Not Effective Therbligs
Search, to hold, select, avoidable delay, unavoidable delay, position
38
Name 3 Effective Therbligs
Reach, release, move, use, assambley, preposition, hold
39
Locate next 8 concepts and units in the right place in the graphic below: illuminance, lumens, cd/square meters, luminance, luminous flux, luminous intensity, lux, lumens.
Luminous flux (lumens) - sale del sol
Luminous intensity (lumens) - sale del sol a la tierra
Luminance (cd/square meter) - lo que esta en la tierra
Illuminance (lux) - lo que esta en el ojo
40
Name at least 2 of the 3 recommended ways to control Noise level
isolate
Limit the time spent in noisy areas
Change process
Use materials that absorbe noise
41
What is Significant Noise
Its the "bad noise" that exist in the workers environment that affects their productivity and increases the fatigue.
42
What is a qualified employee in a time study?
It is an average employ that is familiar with all the task that need to be donde and has good motivation, uses his time effectibly.
43
Name at least 2 elements requiered for the selection of the operator in a time study
That he is familiar with the technique, average (not too fast, not too slow), qualified
44
What are the 4 types of elements that are identified in a time study?
internal
external
foreign
occasional
45
What is the main objective that you look for when dividing an operation into elements?
simplifying for the statistical analysis.
46
What are the 2 elements requiered to achieve the standard time in a study?
Normal time and allowances
47
What is the minimum time that an element must last to be subject of a study of times?
0.03 min
48
In a time study the element with the highest standard deviation was "coupling feeder". The highest reading was 0.17 min and the lower reading 0.12; the average of the 16 valid readings after eliminating foreign elements was 0.147. How many readings are requiered for the study to have a 95% reliability? (use the table)
R=0.17-0.12=0.05 (rango, mayor menos menor)
x=0.147 (promedio)
R/X=0.34
Interpolar
15+((0.34-0.3)/(0.4-0.3))x(27-15)=19.8=20
49
In a time study the element with the highest standard deviation was "coupling feeder". The highest reading was 0.17 min and the lower reading 0.12; the average of the 16 valid readings after eliminating foreign elements was 0.147. How many readings are requiered for the study to have a 90% reliability? (use the table)
R=0.17-0.12=0.05 (rango, mayor menos menor)
x=0.147 (promedio)
R/X=0.34
Interpolar
15+((0.34-0.3)/(0.4-0.3))x(27-15)=19.8=20 para 95%
para 90%
20/4=5
50
What are the 4 factors that the westinghouse method qualifies?
Skill
Effort
Conditions
Consistency
51
Convert 48 seconds to hundredths of a minute
(48/60)=0.8
52
What is the standard percentage of personal needs?
5%
53
A mistake or rework during the process in a time study is an example of:
Foreign element
54
Getting up to drink water in a time study is an example of:
External element
55
Fill a container of washers that is part of the process in a time study is an axample of:
Occasional element
56
An assembly operation during the process in a time study is an example of:
Internal element
57
The standard time in a time study consists of:
Average time plus rating plus allowances
58
The arithmetic average of the readings for each element in a time study is also called:
Measured Time
59
"Normalize" the time of an element in a time study meas:
Add rating to average time
60
An avoidable delay is classified as:
Special allowances
61
A lack of ventilation is classified as
Variable allowance
62
Going to the bathroom is classified as:
Personal allowance
63
A directive allowance is classified as:
Special allowance
64
Basic fatigue is classified as:
Constant allowance
65
MOST
Maynard Operations Sequence Technique
66
ROI
Return on Investment
67
CCR
Capacity Constraint Resource
68
DBR
Drumm Buffer Rope
69
MTM
Measurement Time Method
70
What other two terms are frequently used to identify predetermined times?
Synthetic times
| Basic times
71
Why it is important also in MTM to separate the operation into elements?
To add the different allowances and be able to asign times
72
Give a sample of the case of simple contact in MTM2 take movement.
When the operator only pushes or slide the piece.
73
What is the time value of a TMU?
1 TMU = 0.00001 hr
74
Calculate the TMU equivalent of 0.421 s per piece
11.694 TMU
75
Calculate the TMU equivalent of 10 minutes per piece
16,666.67 TMU
76
The final TMU of MTM includes the correction for the qualification of the performance rating?
Yes
77
The final TMU of MTM includes personal needs?
No
78
Turning a cranck on a machine less than half a turn should be considered in MTM-2 as
Put with weight (PW)
79
Mention the 3 levels of use of MOST according to its duration.
MiniMOST, MaxiMOST and BasicMOST.
80
Mention the 7 letters that make up the controlled movement sequence in MOST
ABG-ABP-A
81
Why turning a crank corresponds to a controlled movement
Because you need to close your hand and apply preasure or force without touching a table or superficie. Because its not free.
82
The tool use sequence in MOST consists of the following 5 stages
1. Taking
2. Put in place
3. Using th tool
4. Put aside
5. Ending
83
How many TMUs generates the following sequence: A1B3G3A1B0P3A1
120X10 = 120 TMU
84
How many TMUs generates the following sequence: A3B0G3A1B3P1S16A1B3P1A1
33X10 = 330 TMU
85
To which of the 3 sequences available in MOST corresponds to tighten a screw with a screwdriver
Tool use
86
The productivity according to Jonah's concept is:
Do things in such a way that, in the case of the company, it is as close as possible to its goal.
87
Operational expenses are:
Money spent by the system to convert the inventory into throughput.
88
The Continual Improvement Cycle us achieved by 5 steps:
1. Identify constraint
2. Explode constraint
3. Subordinate to constraint
4. Increase constraint capacity
5. Repeat
89
The level of use of a non-bottleneck is not determined by its own potencial, but by another restriction in the system. True or false
True
90
How many pieces are they available to produce per week
Available time per week / Longer task time (bottleneck)
91
Takt time
Available time / production requiered
92
Theorical number of work stations
suma de tiempos unitarios / takt time
93
Efficiency
(Suma de tiempos unitarios) / (número real de estaciones) x (takt time)
94
La FACTURACIÓN o THROUGHPUT es:
La tasa de generación de dinero a través de las ventas.
95
El juego con los boy scouts para entender la dependencia entre fluctuación se hizo con:
un dado y cerillos.
96
Los cuellos de botella iniciales encontrados en UniWare fueron:
La NCX-10 y el tratamiento térmico
97
El CICLO DE MEJORA CONTINUA se compone de 5 pasos:
a) Identificar restricción
b) Explotar restricción
c) Subordinar a restricción
d) Incrementar la capacidad de la restricción
e) Volver al primer paso
98
El ganar dinero se mide en función del beneficio neto de una compañía.
Falso
99
Utilización y aprovechamiento de un recurso, son lo mismo.
Falso
100
Las fluctuaciones estadísticas no se compensan, se acumulan.
Cierto
101
La eficiencia en el valor agregado, mano de obra, óptimos locales se reflejan en la PRODUCTIVIDAD de la empresa
Falso
102
La Meta de cualquier compañía es la Mejora Continua de todos sus proceso
Falso
103
Learning Period
It is the time it takes for the operator to achieve the mental and physical coordination that allows him to move from one element to another without doubt or delay.
104
Learning curve
It is the relationship that exists between the time elapsed since the beginning of an activity and the level of learning achieved.
105
Crawford model
In a "normal" behavior learning curve, the rate of improvement of the cycle time remains constant each time the number of pieces produced is double.
The theory of the learning curve holds that when the total number of units produced is doubled, the time per unit decreases by a constant percentage.
```
y=kx^n
y - cycle time
k - value of the first cycle time
X - number of cycle or units produced
n - exponent representing the slope
```
106
Antropometría
Es la ciencia de la medición de las dimensiones y algunas características físicas del cuerpo humano
Permite medir longitudes, anchos, grosores, circunferencias, volúmenes, centros de gravedad y masas de diversas partes del cuerpo, las cuales tienen diversas aplicaciones.
La antropometría es una rama fundamental de la antropología física. Trata el aspecto cuantitativo.
107
Alcances de antropología
En el campo de la salud y seguridad en el trabajo y de la ergonomía, los sistemas antropométricos se relacionan principalmente con la estructura, composición y constitución corporal y con las dimensiones del cuerpo humano en relación con las dimensiones del lugar de trabajo, las máquinas, el entorno industrial y la ropa.(OIT 1998)
108
Antropometría Estática
Mide al cuerpo mientras este se encuentra fijo en una posición, permitiendo medir el esqueleto entre puntos anatómicos específicos, por ejemplo el largo del brazo medido entre el acromio y el codo.
Las aplicaciones de este tipo de antropometría permite el diseño de elementos como guantes, cascos entre otros.
109
Antropometría dinámica
Funcional corresponde a la tomada durante el cuerpo en movimiento, reconociendo que el alcance real de una persona con el brazo no corresponde solo a la longitud del mismo, sino al alcance adicional proporcionado por el movimiento del hombro y tronco cuando un trabajador realiza una tarea.
110
Ergonomía
El estudio o la medida del trabajo.
Definir cuáles son los intervalos adecuados para desarrollar una actividad y explorar los efectos no deseados que se producirán en caso de superar los límites.
111
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
es el hombre de vitruvio del siglo XXI
112
Ergonomía positiva
La ergonomía examina no sólo la situación pasiva del ambiente, sino también las ventajas para el operador humano y las aportaciones que éste/ésta pueda hacer si la situación de trabajo está concebida para permitir y fomentar el mejor uso de
sus habilidades
113
VE
Value Engineering
114
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
115
WBGT
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
116
GT
Global Temperature
117
Job Design
Actions where they assign ergonomics ro make the work that the worker does safer and more productive
118
Objectives of Methods Engineering
Reach standards and give satisfaction to the worker
119
In which you can improve more DM, DL, OH
DL, Direct labor because is where most of the work happens and it is with humans so you can apply a lot of methodologies
120
He is the creator of Hawthorn studies
Elton Mayo
121
Charts used in the Registration and Analysis tool
Process flow chart
Flowchart or route
Graph of the operative process
122
5 s quotes
just what is needed, when is needed and in the quantity needed
if you cant measure it, you cant improve it
123
CPM
Critical Path Method
124
WCM
World Class Manufacture
125
GIF
Gastos Indirectos de fabricación
126
WIP
Work in Process
127
R&D
Research and Develpment
128
Takt time
Time available divided by production requiered
129
fIRST AND MORE IMPORTANT STEP of job analysis
Operation Purpose
130
Neutrality in operator temperature
The total temperatures in the operator has to be equal to cero.
131
FAIR JOB DAY
Amount of work that a qualified employee can do in a standard pace and using the standard time, in a way to make the process the most effeciently.
132
Where the observer nust be located in a time study
Standing up, behind and close
133
Methods to qualify operator
Westinghouse
Speed
Objective
Synthetic
134
TMU
Time Measurement Unit
135
TOC
Theory of Constraints
136
BN
Bottle Neck
137
LT
Lead Time
138
MTM-2 is better when
The operation doesnt include a large number of complex or simultaneus movement of hands
139
Que incluye y que no el MTM
Incluye rating no incluye basic fatigue
140
Traditional Parameters
Net profit
ROI
Cash flow
141
THROUGHPUT
Rate of money generation through sales
