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Human Sexuality > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Sex

A

Biological XX or XY

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2
Q

Gender

A

socially constructed roles

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3
Q

evolution

A

change in allele frequencies in a population acoss generations

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4
Q

population

A

a group of organisms that belong to the same species

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5
Q

species

A

a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

3 requirements for natural selection

A
  1. genetic variability
  2. heritability
  3. differential reproductive success
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7
Q

fitness

A

measure of genes

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8
Q

3 types of fitness

A
  1. direct (genes passed on via reproduction- # offspring)
  2. indirect (genes contributed by helping related individuals)
  3. inclusive (sum of direct and indirect)
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9
Q

4 mechanisms for evolution

A

adaptation
genetic drift
gene flow
mutation

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10
Q

adaptation

A

an evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited for its habitat

  • natural selection
  • survival of the fittest
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11
Q

gene flow

A

any movement of genes from one population to another

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12
Q

mutation

A

a random change in DNA

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13
Q

female external anatomy

A

clitoris, anus, urethra, labia minora and majora, vaginal opening

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14
Q

female internal anatomy

A

bladder, fallopian tubes, ovary, anus, rectum, uterus, vagina, cervix

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15
Q

menstruation cycle

A 
beginning of cycle
ovum starts to mature 
lining begins to thicken to prepare for pregnancy 
release of mature ovum (ovulation)
ovum travels to uterus 
beginning of next cycle
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16
Q

when did circumcision begin?

A

late 1800s in the sexually repressive Victorian Era

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17
Q

genetic drift

A

change in allele frequency due to random sampling & chance

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18
Q

when did circumcision start to peak?

A

1970s

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19
Q

what does the foreskin protect?

A

urinary opening

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20
Q

what does the foreskin contain?

A

immunologically active cells

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21
Q

natural infant penis

A

fused to glans
tight outlet
overhang

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22
Q

intact penis

A

foreskin covers glans
foreskin is pulled away from glans prior to removal
causes abrasions to glans since skin is attached

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23
Q

what do babies feel and remember?

A

pain

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24
Q

what did the AAP recommend using in 1999 for pain relief?

A

procedural analgesia

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25
medical benefits of circumcision
``` reduction in UTIs reduciton in penile cancer easier to clean reduction in cervical cancer reduction in STDs and HIV ```
26
what does circumcision remove?
most sensitive parts of the penis
27
mating theory Bateman (1948)
reported a stronger relationship between mating and reproductive success in male fruit flies compared w females
28
regarding reproduction, what are males limited by?
of females he can convince to mate w him
29
regarding reproduction, what are females limited by?
of eggs or offspring she can have
30
sexual selection
occurs when (1) males compete against themselves for access to females (intrasexual selection) and try to attract females w flashy colors or behaviors (intersexual selection)
31
Masters and Johnson Research 1950s
excitement / arousal plateau orgasm resolution
32
excitement phase
``` vasocongestion thickening vaginal walls uterus raising vagina lengthening nipple erection sex flush ```
33
plateau phase
outer 1/3 of vaginal wall swells breasts enlarge sex flush increases HR and BP increase
34
orgasmic phase
release of muscle tension 0.8s contractions pelvic thrusting
35
resolution phase
body returns to normal state
36
2 types of orgasms
vaginal | clitoral
37
male excitement phase
same as females | urethra diameter doubles
38
male plateau phase
no loss of erection | increase in testes size (50%)
39
male orgasmic phase
ejaculatory inevitability 0.8 muscle contractions perspiration
40
male resolution phase
nearly 50% of all erection is lost body returns to normal state 20min-2hrs
41
male refractory period
increases w age | cannot be re-stimulated to ejaculation
42
2009
APA concluded that conversion therapies are ineffective
43
homophobia
antagonistic feeling and behaviors toward homosexuality
44
heterosexism
social norm
45
bisexuality
more common in women
46
pansexual
attraction to any sex or gender | known as "gender-blind"
47
where does the word "lesbian" come from?
Greek island of Lesbos
48
gaydar
ability to identify a person's sexual orientation
49
pre-natal hormone theory
more androgens (male sex hormone) will be attracted to females --known as gynephilic less androgens will be more attracted to men -- known as androphilic
50
congenital hormone hyperplasia
results in exposure of female fetus to high levels of androgens
51
does homosexuality appear to be a product of childhood events?
no, self-reports of homosexual feelings do
52
how many regions do men have regarding their sexual orientation?
4
53
who was Magnus Hirschfield and what did he do?
he was a gay jewish doctor/sexologist | he found the world's first gay rights organization in Berlin, Germany in 1897
54
what happened after World War II?
gay activism moved to US
55
what began the modern gay movement?
a riot outside the Stonewall Inn in New York's Greenwich Village in 1969
56
in which 3 countries are gay discrimination most notable?
Africa South Asia Middle East
57
biphobia
negative attitudes toward bisexual people
58
bisexual erasure
denying or ignoring their existence
59
paraphilic disorders
paraphilia that causes distress to the individual or may lead to harm in others
60
examples of paraphilia
``` exhibitionism fetishism frotteurism pedophilia sexual masochism sexual sadism transvestic fetishism voyeurism ```
61
bestiality
sexual acts w an animal
62
zoophile
romantic relationship w an animal (not harmed)
63
STI
when a bacterium enters a person's body during a sexual encounter
64
gonorrhea
causes a pest like discharge oozing pus mutating @ a very fast rate signs of emerging antibiotic resistance
65
chlamydia
``` infects the urethra travels the digestive tract watery discharge and burning sensation people who have this are asymptomatic treatment: arythromyacin ```
66
syphilis
wartlike infection in penis | body spots
67
herpes
virus | painful blisters/sores that discharge when broken

Human Sexuality (1 decks)

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