Final Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Andre Brock
A
illustrates how race matters online as well as how digital culture enables spaces for the organic creation of Black identity and norms online
2
Q
Importance of Black Twitter as a cultural and racial space
A
- Black Twitter confounds understandings of online behavior as racially neutral
- Creates a specifically Black online community
- Social and Technological reasons for convergence and creation of Black social publics on Twitter
- Twitter’s character limit, focus on message, and hashtag function help create a platform where signifyin’ can thrive
- Black Twitter becomes a site of a “ritual drama” that constructs Black communal identity
- Challenges idea of black culture as monolithic and as technologically un-savvy
3
Q
“Hashtags and trending topics filtered Twitter in a way that not only identified topics of interest, but who was generating those topics”
A
Andre Brock
4
Q
Signifyin’
A
“a practice where the interlocutor inventively redefines an object using Black cultural commonplaces and philosophy”
5
Q
Co-creative labor
A
Incorporate feedback from fans in production process
Allows fans to design album art
Outsourced writing of press bio to fan communities
Fans and followers supplement work of managers
Exploitative? Empowering?
6
Q
Cultural entrepreneurship
A
Increasingly, this means that artists are becoming cultural entrepreneurs of their own brand
7
Q
how is cultural entrepreneurship enabled?
A
- by social media sites that allow artists to publish their own content and connect more directly with fans
- Digital culture enables us to produce our own cultural products, identities, and communities in new ways
- Digital culture enables a co-creative relationship between fans and artists
- Digital culture challenges stable distinctions between producer and consumer
- New economics and structures of digital culture places artists in precarious positions
8
Q
Imogen Heap
A
- co creative labor - morris reading - example of her asking fans to give feedback on her album
- allowed fans to design album aret,
- outsourced the writing of her press bio to the fan community (morris reading)
9
Q
remix
A
when separate media elements are joined to form a new, different piece of media
10
Q
Understanding remix as argument allows us to
A
Teach critical skills of media literacy
See new modes of political engagement
Challenge typical understandings of professional / amateur works, as well as political / artistic works
11
Q
Mashup
A
editing together two different pieces of media
12
Q
Recut
A
editing one media artifact in a new way
13
Q
Media that illustrates your point
A
- This when you cut to media and then cut back to the main segment
- Think of something like The Daily Show, which uses media clips to support an overall argument about current events
- Includes things like cut-aways to: skits, professional media, your own media (showcase a 155 project),
- Make sure to acknowledge react, explain when the video comes back to you
- Uses media as evidence
14
Q
Media that visualizes your point
A
- This is when media plays but your voiceover plays on top of it
- Think of something like a movie review vlog that plays segments of the movie in the background during the author’s critique.
- Includes things like b-roll, images, infographics, footage of you doing a thing
- Uses media as a visual aide
15
Q
Kuleshov effect
A
- Demonstrated by Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s
- It is a mental phenomenon by which viewers derive more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation
16
Q
networked gatekeeping
A
- Through what is popular/ what is heavily being discussed online, we get a feel for what the crowds think are important
- Hashtags
- Affordances of Twitter
- Applicable Beyond Case of Egypt
17
Q
Shifting understanding of meaningful participation
A
- Jenkins
- Data seems to show not all consumers are producers
- Challenge production as only meaningful form of participation
- Curation, conversation, and circulation also central forms of participating
- As are lurking, listening, and observing in digital spaces
18
Q
Audiences
A
- Passive
- Consumers of information
- Individuals in the market
19
Q
Publics
A
- Active
- Engaged citizens
- Collective political body
20
Q
Public Engagement Keystone
A
- Ashley Hinck - describes how fandoms allow fans to make sense of real-world politics through the lens of the fictional storyline
- “A touch point, worldview, or philosophy that makes other people, actions, and institutions intelligible”
21
Q
Mimesis
A
to imitate or mimic something (beginning of memes)
22
Q
Meme
A
- nickname used because it’s easier to say AND because it sounds like gene
- Like genes, memes are building blocks. They builds culture and can be transmitted from person to person
23
Q
Viral
A
spreads via digital word-of-mouth mechanisms without significant change
24
Q
Internet meme
A
groups of digital content that are transformed by the users that circulate them
25
Repeatable phrases
- You can’t really alter it a lot without fundamentally changing the phrase, but some words are okay to change
- We can put the words in different contexts: mugs, shirts, stickers, online, etc.
26
Enacted memes
Things you do physically (like planking/leaning tower of pisa)
27
Image Macro
- One image that is used repeatedly that give context for phrases
- Low skill is needed to create these which means(ideally) everyone can participate
28
Scumbag Steve
- is an image macro series featuring a kid with a sideways fitted cap standing in a hallway
- The overlaid text generally centers around unethical behavior regarding drugs, partying, and other hedonistic behaviors
29
Gifs
Refers to short, moving image loops
30
Photoshops
Take pictures and redo them using editing software to alter meanings or create humor.
Photoshopping people to look like actor Nicholas Cage
31
Photoshopping
- Take pictures and redo them using editing software to alter meanings or create humor.
- Value of Humor
- Raises Visibility…
- At the cost of specificity
32
Social media often _____ already existing practices and beliefs
reflect
33
Homophily
The practice of connecting with those similar to us (race, gender, sex, class, age, education level, etc . . .)
34
Danah Boyd - “It’s Complicated”
- argues that teens use social media because it allows them to participate in and create networked publics…
- Think: what type of person uses Facebook versus snapchat? Very different audiences with very different purposes posting very different things
35
Fears that adults have regarding teen internet use
- Fear of public nature of the internet
- Nostalgia for their own idealized youth
- Common fears (addictive, makes teens anti-social)
- Moral panics
- General moral decline
36
Digital Divide(s)
- Physical Access
- Material Resources
- Education / Literacy
- Autonomy
- Social Networks
37
Knowledge Commons
- Knowledge as public good, not commodity
- Digital culture—despite promise of open access—is threatening the idea of knowledge as a public good
- Knowledge Commons Movement
- Dedicated to open, cheap, and easy access to information world-wide
38
Representation
- “The process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs, and images which stand for or represent things” (Hall, 1997)
- Mass media do not simply re-present reality, they also construct our understanding of reality
- Representation thus a central component of media power—its power to shape cultural values, attitudes, and beliefs
39
Depictions of race in Resident Evil 5
- Survivor horror genre
- Narrative structure
- Playable characters
- Blackness as cultural evil
40
Technologies of the Self
Practices or techniques which allow us to regulate or conduct ourselves toward physical or spiritual well-being
41
Approaches to sound
- As vibration
- As philosophical problem
- As creative resource
42
Podcasting
a ground of connected technologies, practices and institutions
43
3 approaches
- A set of networked technologies
- A practice of listening and a practice of making
- A set of ideas about communication
44
Promises of podcasting
- Potential for new voices
- Disruption of corporate radio
- Has it succeeded?
45
what do we mean when we say we think of sound as a creative resource?
Cultural construction that we use to communicate things
46
podcatchers
- Podcasting practices shaped by design and functions of podcatching apps
- Become nearly inseparable
- Generates potential revenue stream for podcasts
- Construct, organize, and deliver audiences for advertisers
47
podcatchers encourage
- Increased sonic interactivity
- Ubiquitous listening
- Increased curation and personalization of content
- Social aspects of listening
48
Common myths regarding rise of YouTube
- Tech Crunch
- Key Features / Affordances
- SNL Lazy Sunday
49
YouTube and cultural citizenship
- The significance of YouTube is that a combination of community norms and technological affordances have normalized everyday expression through video…
- …as well as the everyday re-appropriation of institutional speech and media by vernacular users
50
Intertextual reference
Shaping one text’s meaning another one
51
Meraz and Papacharissi
- Arab Spring protest on Twitter
- Led to collaborative agenda setting function between media and citizens
- It allowed users to use hashtags to frame issues in ways important to them
- Journalist set what issues are important
- Created a process of networked and crowdsourced media gatekeepers
52
Lurking
Consuming without producing content online
53
who coined the word "meme"
richard Dawkins "selfish gene"
54
Social Media & political participation
- Helping spread information
- Organizing protests
- Provide alternative messages
- Helping the state keep track of dissenting groups
55
according to Richard dawkins, _____, is a unit of cultural transmission, not unlike a gene in that it is also a replicator
Meme
56
This phenomenon, according to Andre Brock, helpfully illustrates how race matters online as well as how digital culture enables spaces for the organic creation of black identities and norms online
Black twitter
57
In it’s complicated, why does danah boyd argue that teens use social media?
To participate in and create networked publics
58
Two potential functions of social media platforms during political or social uprisings
- Spread info
- Organize protests
- Real time accounts
- Alternative messaging
- Helps the state keep track of dissenting groups
59
This technology encourages increased sonic interactivity, ubiquitous listening, increase curation, and personalization of content, and the social aspects of listening
Podcatchers
60
Trait that distinguishes memes from viral content
Viral content spreads without significant change; memes are transformed by the users that circulate them
61
New technologies cycle through these types of discourse (danah boyd)
- Utopian
- Dystopian
- Realist
62
how was the kuleshov effect demonstrated?
- Shown through a study that
- Has an actor looked neutral and straight faced at a camera.
- Then, it is put in between shots of things like war, a doll, random items, etc.
- Viewers then find meaning in the actor’s neutral face depending on what they see first
63
self affirmation theory
- describes why FB might serve as a way of feeling better about ourselves after a perceived ego threat
- We gravitate towards online profiles/posting/ looking for likes or positive comments after we take a real-life hit
- toma and Hancock reading
64
Agenda setting
- the ideas or problems that people, politicians, or media say are important and are put on the forefront of news/social media/ discussions/ speeches
- What is set as the agenda is most heavily discussed and seen as important
65
shifting nature of agenda setting
- Shifting with social media
- People can now give back and forth feedback on what is important, what they want to see being produced and discussed in the public forum
66
lolspeak
a variety of English that can be described as the human interpretation of how cats might speak English if they could. It is a playful interpretation that includes things like deliberate grammatical mistakes, misspellings, and baby talk
67
Perspective by Incongruity
- Concept offered by Kenneth Burke
| - We gained perspective when we bring together seemingly opposite.unrelated ideas
68
Intertextual references
- When we place the images in different contexts, the claims are changed, and audiences understand it differently
- The images reference each other, not just the original image
69
Material Resources
being able to pay or accommodate for building the infrastructure needed to support modern technology
70
Social Networks
- This can be seen on spaces like Black twitter, where people of other cultures wouldn’t be able to understand what was being said
- The ones you use have certain affordances, of which might make you more apt for certain activities/communication
71
Survivor horror drama
- Non human creatures are released that insight fear (all are black while main character is white)
- Typically beaten by a white, everyday type of guy
- Blacks are made to an elevated physicality as monsters
72
Narrative structure
White guy is the hero, blacks are the enemy, you actually kill blacks on purpose
73
Playable characters (not representative)
Can’t play as the black girl until you’re already beaten the game but she still has a limited backstory/depiction/abilities as they white guy
74
Colorblindness in World of Warcraft (Higgens)
- It is set up to be “raceless” because it’s orcs versus humans
- But the humans are only white
- Offers blackless “fantasy” world because of an adherence to “color blind” logic which is dumb
75
problem with "color blind" logic
- People have to be identified somehow and the absence of race is often seen as whiteness (which is still wrong but is a media-influenced default)
- Ex: the simpsons, they’re technically yellow but they’re seen as white by many people
- To be white doesn't mean you don’t have race though!
76
phemerality
- Photography is no longer about preserving memories, but more about taking as many as possible to keep the best
- More immediate, more volume, more disposable
77
Transience
- Used more to share fleeting experiences
- Less about remembering something forever, but more about sharing what you’re doing right now to all your friends in your network
78
Permanence
- But as soon as you select one and upload it, it’s very hard to fully get rid of it
- Once you share something, it is out there for the internet to own
- You lose ownership and control of the image once you share
79
Instagramism
- It’s not discussing a particular style of photos or content you see, but more of how instagram has shaped how we take and style photos
- Attitude that is conveyed through a set of images (gestalt from a style, spirit, feeling, tone)
- Focused less on people (subjects) and narrative, but more on objects and their relationship to negative space
80
pros/cons of instagramism
- Pros: allows us to appreciate the beauty in anything
| - Cons: makes us preoccupied with photographing the beauty that we don’t take it in in real life
81
Tech Crunch
A tech news site called “tech crunch” ran a story saying that Youtube was up and coming and that led to tons of people using it
82
Key Features / Affordances
- One of the co-creators said that they knew what people would want in their site
- Features he claimed to know would be important include
- Comment section
- Playability on a lot of different platforms
- Sharing ability through emailing links to friends
- Ability of site to recommend videos to users based on past viewing
83
SNL Lazy Sunday
- Digital short skit (2005( that airs on SNL and shared on Youtube which goes into the millions in a week
- According to them, Youtube is successful because previously successful news outlets are allowed to share their content and people came for that
