final

Question 1

Rene Descartes:

Answer 1

(philosophy) radical skepticism (doubt) What can I know with absolute certainty?
must doubt everything I think I know.
have to doubt knowledge that I assume to be true.
doubt 5 sense impressions, might be in a dream.
what can I know? I am thinking/ doubting.
corgito ergo sum- “I think therefore, I am/know.”

Question 2

Isaac Newton

Answer 2

(Science): mechanistic view of the word, world is like a machine
world is made up of all different parts, they all fit and work together so machine is able to function
you can start to understand how word works, use reason

Question 3

Deism

Answer 3

(religion): view of God and the world- God not involved in physical world, uses human reason
reason vs revelation

Question 4

Herbert of Cherbury

Answer 4

five religious ideas of Deism:

1. there is a God
2. God should be worshipped
3. being a good person & worship
4. being a good person morally, repent
5. person will be rewarded or punished in afterlife

Question 5

the eighteenth century

Answer 5

Enlightenment emphasis on rationalism and optimism

Question 6

enlightenment critique of christianity

Answer 6

what does it question? christianity ideas
what are its own views?
1. revelation vs. reason (traditional: revelation over reason, limited) (enlightenment: reason over revelation, don’t need ideas of christianity, christianity teaches morality)
2. miracles of Jesus
3. person of Jesus
original sin????

Question 7

rationalism

Answer 7

Human reason is the best way to get knowledge

Question 8

optimism

Answer 8

optimism about humanity- reason, human beings are fundamentally good because they have reason

Question 9

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer 9

Liberal Protestant theology
rejects ideas of religion
accepts moral teachings

Question 10

feeling of absolute dependance

Answer 10

a feeling, we become aware of ourselves and something greater than ourselves- God Consciousness

Question 11

Schleiermacher’s understanding of the essence of religion, christ, and the church

Answer 11

Jesus expressed absolute dependance more than any other human. Jesus begins church, church gives feeling to others
christianity is not opposed to modern world, just different
MW- rationalism (thought)
christianity- feeling

Question 12

protestant fundamentalism

Answer 12

comes from the fundamentals, basic essentials, all christians need to believe
not all protestants are fundamentalists
trying to oppose what christians believe vs. modern world

Question 13

five fundamentals

Answer 13

1. the literal inerrancy of scripture
2. virgin birth of Jesus
3. miracles of Jesus
4. bodily resurrection of Jesus
5. salvation- Jesus dies for us

Question 14

the literal inerrancy of scripture

Answer 14

scripture is without error, no errors of any kind even history is accurate
catholic, Eastern Orthodox, non-fundamentalist protestants- history/scientific knowledge may contain errors. fighting against modern world

Question 15

challenges faced by Catholic Church in the mid 19th century

Answer 15

protestant churches
rationalism- reason is best way to know things
loss of Papal States- land pope owned moved, loss of power

Question 16

ultramontanism

Answer 16

movement in catholic church that emphasizes pope as highest authority

Question 17

syllabus of errors

Answer 17

Pope Pius IX- list of 80 wrong ideas about modern world
5 of the errors:
- says protestant churches are valid forms of christianity
- reason is not best way to know things, faith is.
- freedom of religion
- separation of church & state
- pope should cooperate with change in modern world

Question 18

Vatican Council 1

Answer 18

Pope Pius IX
relationship of faith & reason: two fold order of knowledge, they work together, faith is above reason, rejects rationalism
papal primacy: pope is highest leader of church
papal infallibility: pope has power to make a teaching without error

Question 19

fideism

Answer 19

faith is all you need

Question 20

Primacy of honor

Answer 20

only a title/honor

Question 21

primacy of jurisdiction

Answer 21

pope is highest authority, more decision making power

Question 22

Three ways infallibility can be exercised in church

Answer 22

ecumenical councils
universal & ordinary magisterium
papal infallibility- pope makes teaching on thrown

Question 23

three requirements for papal infallibility

Answer 23

1. must speak ex cathedra (“from the chair”)
2. teaching has to be about faith or morals
3. must say, “everyone in the church must accept the teaching”

Question 24

ex cathedra

Answer 24

from the chair

Question 25

response to infallible & non0infallible papal teachings

Answer 25

assent: respond to an infallible teaching either assent or get out of church respect: response to non-infallible teaching

Question 26

what the teachings of papal infallibility does NOT say

Answer 26

pope is without sin | all pope teachings are infallible

Question 27

impeccability

Answer 27

pope is without sin

Question 28

"creeping" infallibility

Answer 28

sense of infallibility starts to creep/ sound like infallibility for everything

Question 29

Immaculate conception of mary

Answer 29

Pope Pius IX- recognized it from council, met requirements

Question 30

assumption of Mary (soul & body both went to heaven)

Answer 30

Pope Pius XII- pope gives people a place/person to make stability

Question 31

Pope John XXIII

Answer 31

calls Vatican council II, dies a year into it

Question 32

Pope Paul VI

Answer 32

takes over council, 16 documents

Question 33

purpose of Vatican council 2

Answer 33

aggiornamento "updating"

Question 34

pre-Vatican II view of the church

Answer 34

church is hierarchy, documents????

Question 35

Vatican II view of the church

Answer 35

``` constitution on the church (lumen gentium) 3 characteristics: 1. church is a mystery 2. church is the people of God 3. church is hierarchical ```

Question 36

Vatican II on the liturgy

Answer 36

constitution on the sacred liturgy- Sacrosanctum Councilium, what people should & should not do at mass, all people should participate in the mass

Question 37

comparison of pre-Vatican II & post-Vatican masses

Answer 37

``` pre- priests stands backwards post- alters closer to people from latin to English (vernacular) post- people say words back to priest post- sign of peace ```

Question 38

ecumenism

Answer 38

christian churches

Question 39

Vatican II statement: "Christianity subsists in the Catholic Church"

Answer 39

you can find it in catholic but in other churches too (christianity)

Question 40

Vatican II on ecumenism

Answer 40

decree on ecumenism- unitatis redintegratio | the restoration of unity amongst christian churches

Question 41

three perspectives on christianity & other regions

Answer 41

exclusivism: christianity is only true religion, bring you to God, knowledge of God, salvation inclusivism: christianity is most total truth, but other things are true too pluralism: all religions are equal ways to know God, salvation

Question 42

Vatican II on christianity & other religions

Answer 42

declaration on the relation of the church to non-christian religions (rostra aetate)- inclusivists document, truth in other religions but God more total christianity- fullness of religious life other religions- ray of truth