Final

Question 1

Describe Active Positive

Answer 1

Adaptive- scientific in their approach to problems, like to analyze (FDR, H. Truman, JFK, G. Ford). Most desirable

Question 2

Describe Active Negative

Answer 2

Compulsive- will not admit they made mistakes, very active, engage in behaviors that destroy them politically (Nixon, LBJ, A. Lincoln). Most desirable

Question 3

Describe Positive Passive

Answer 3

Compliant- seem to be optimistic, but have insecurities. They want to be liked. They are dangerous. Sometimes they allow problems to continue b/c they don’t want to be in conflict with other people. (Ronald Reagan)

Question 4

Describe Negative Passive

Answer 4

Withdrawn- don’t like politics, have a sense of duty. Not necessary bad presidents. Military people (something in their backgrounds that propel them to service) (C. Coolidge, D. Eisenhower, G. Washington)

Question 5

Describe Elite model

Answer 5

Popularized in the 1950s with the book “the power elite” C Wright Mills
American Elites numbering in the thousand form self perpetuating groups (attend the that control ownerships of major corporations (presidents tend to attend the same schools, be from the same denominations).
Ideas and policies are said to be shaped from the top (elite) down. The own media, corporations, and control “think tanks” (policy planning groups)

Question 6

Governments could pursue whatever policies they wanted within their own borders

Answer 6

National sovereignty doctrine

Question 7

Differentiate between Hobbes and Locke. (Books, theories, primary purpose of government)

Answer 7

Hobbes wrote Leviathan, Locke wrote Two Treatises on Government
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both wrote about a State of Nature, where there was an absence of government, police, etc.
According to Hobbes, the state of nature is dangerous. People would want to leave to establish order.
According to Locke, it isn’t so bad, people were mostly good. People would want to leave because of property and trade.

People would subscribe to a Social contract to escape a State of Nature. Citizens would transfer all political rights to a king in order to gain security. They would have the ability to lead their private life as they saw fit. It would be irrational for the king to harm those that are inside the new political structure. You would be released from the social contract if the King came after you (Ex: for violation of a rule).

The primary purpose of government according to Hobbes is to ensure survival. The primary purpose of government according to Locke is to protect property

Question 8

What did Montesquieu come up with

Answer 8

The separation of powers

Question 9

Describe Pluralism

Answer 9

Gets the most attention by political scientists
In some ways a “takeoff” of elitism (pluralism meaning many elites)
There is no single group, there are people with wealth and influence but there are many elites
Many interest groups with varying power. Competition between them determines public policy

Question 10

Describe Social contract theory

Answer 10

People would subscribe to a Social contract to escape a State of Nature. Citizens would transfer all political rights to a king in order to gain security. They would have the ability to lead their private life as they saw fit. It would be irrational for the king to harm those that are inside the new political structure. You would be released from the social contract if the King came after you (Ex: for violation of a rule).

Question 11

Who wrote The Power Elite?

Answer 11

C Wright Mills

Question 12

What is Majoritarianism?

Answer 12

Giving more political power to the hands of the public

Question 13

What are the three majoritarian politics?

Answer 13

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Question 14

What is an initiative?

Answer 14

petitions circulated
St. Louis county thing
Put on ballot if enough signatures were gathered
Proposed statutes or constitutional amendments
Takes money to have initiatives on the ballot

Question 15

What is a referendum?

Answer 15

State legislature says “we don’t want to deal w. this issue (bc too constitutional) and pass it off to voters

Question 16

What is a recall?

Answer 16

Voters are given a chance to remove a person from office before their time is expired

Question 17

What are the three themes of the book?

Answer 17

Equality, Freedom, Order

Question 18

What type of election is most common?

Answer 18

Maintaining

Question 19

What type of election happens on a cyclical basis and establishes a new majority party?

Answer 19

Realigning

Question 20

What type of election is where the minority party is elected?

Answer 20

Deviating

Question 21

What type of election is where it’s still the same majority party, but they changed fundamentally?

Answer 21

Converting

Question 22

What is the Circle of Humanity?

Answer 22

The use of concentric circles to describe our personal worlds. The first one encircles the self; the next takes in the immediate family; then the extended family; and then neighbors, town and country dwellers, and so on.

Question 23

What is Cosmopolitanism?

Answer 23

The necessary cultural envelope for the cultivation of transnational obligations of care and respect- being a citizen of the world, implies global awareness and ethic

Question 24

Who led to the Clear and Present Danger Test?

Answer 24

Charles Schenck

Question 25

What happened to Charles Schenck?

Answer 25

WWI - passing out leaflets that urged young men not to obey the draft. He was charged and convicted under a newly passed law that made it a crime to criticize a whole bunch of american shit. This led to the development up a Clear and Present Danger Test or “Fire Analogy”- no one has the right to go to a crowded theatre and yell “Fire”. Supreme Court upheld the conviction against Schenck.

Question 26

Who led to the bill of rights application to the states?

Answer 26

Benjamin Gitlow

Question 27

What happened to Benjamin Gitlow?

Answer 27

The first time that the supreme court applied the idea that the bill of rights applied to the states was in the case of Benjamin Gitlow, a left wing activist that was passing out subversive literature. The supreme court upheld the conviction under the laws of new york. Never before had the supreme court dealt with free speech at the state level. In the decades later, the supreme court gradually applied the bill of rights to the states.

Question 28

Who led to the ruling of a right to counsel?

Answer 28

Clarence Gideon

Question 29

What happened to Clarence Gideon

Answer 29

Gideon vs Wainwright 63
“In manner of a pauper” - poor person
Filed his appeal on notebook paper.
Ruled that there was a right to counsel (a lawyer)

Question 30

Who led to the required information of your rights when you are arrested?

Answer 30

Ernesto Miranda

Question 31

What court case declared daily prayer reading to be unconstitutional?

Answer 31

Engle vs Vitale

Question 32

Describe the court case of Engle vs Vitale

Answer 32

60s was a period of immense change. in 1962 a key court case was handed down in Engle vs Vitale 1962 that declared the daily prayer reading to be unconstitutional.

Question 33

The right to speak out is the most important right available to society

Answer 33

Preferred Position

Question 34

City should have clear procedures in place to determine whether a permit should be granted

Answer 34

Clarity

Question 35

A city cannot favor the wishes of their citizens over the people who want to protest

Answer 35

Neutrality

Question 36

Cities cannot use the claim that violence may result as a way to prevent demonstrations.
-Supreme Court cannot use the fire analogy anymore, they now use Preferred position

Answer 36

Least Restrictive Means

Question 37

Describe the Chaplinsky case

Answer 37

Chaplinsky case 1942: A public figure was called a damn fascist by him. Mr. Chaplinsky speech was not protected by the first amendment since they were called “fighting words” and “did not convey any ideas”.

Question 38

Who wrote “Did 6 million really die”?

Answer 38

Ernst Zundel

Question 39

What happened to Ernst Zundel?

Answer 39

Ernst Zundel- did 6 million really die?
media didn’t know how to report it, so they presented certain things as factual when they weren’t (their experts weren’t experts)
Zundel got 15 months and 3 years probation. Trial lasted 39 days and was appealed. The court changed the proceedings and they brought it down to 9 months. Convicted under the false news law (that he knew it was false and would cause injury or mischief). He was eventually acquitted and the C supreme court called the false news law unconstitutional

Question 40

Who was a journalist that said there was too much influence on the jews?

Answer 40

Doug Collins

Question 41

What happened to Doug Collins?

Answer 41

Doug collins was a journalist for north shore news that said that there was too much influence on the jews. He singled out Schlinders list as Shwindlers list. Courts looked at a pattern of his writing, and he was ordered to stop publishing those stories. He was giving a $2000 fine. The first time the canadian government stopped publication.

Question 42

Do not offend others as you would not wish to be offended.

Answer 42

Describe the Buddhism tradition

Question 43

Do unto others all that you would have them do unto you, because this is the sum of the law and of the prophets.

Answer 43

Describe the Christian tradition

Question 44

Is there a maxim that one ought to follow all his life? Surely the maxim of peaceful goodness. What we don’t want done to use we should not do to others

Answer 44

Describe the Confucian tradition

Question 45

All your duties are included in this: Do nothing to others that would pain you if it were done to you.

Answer 45

Describe the Hindu tradition

Question 46

Not one of you will be a true believer who does not wish for his brother the same that he wishes for himself

Answer 46

Describe the Islam tradition

Question 47

What you don’t wish for yourself do not wish for your neighbor.

Answer 47

Describe the Judaism tradition

Question 48

Hold as your own the gains of your neighbor and as yours his losses

Answer 48

Describe the Taoism tradition

Question 49

Describe the Bureaucratic model

Answer 49

Those who hold executive positions and are employed in government play a role in government (not talking about elected officials, talking specifically about employees who remain in their jobs when a new president takes office)

Question 50

Kennedy said there was a safe possibility of limited nuclear war. What is this idea called?

Answer 50

Flexible response