A story with a literal and an implied level of meaning
Allegory
The repetition of similar consonant sounds within a group of neighboring words or lines. Often initial consonant sounds are repeated. This poetic device often increases the musical effect of the language
Alliteration
A reference within a work of literature to something outside it
Allusion
A force or character who struggles against the protagonist
Antagonist
A brief statement, often witty, that expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life
Aphorism
The addressing of non personal object as if it were able to reply
Apostrophe
A short, simple narrative song
Ballad
A nonfiction account in which the author tells the true events that makeup the life of a real individual other than himself
Biography
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Blank verse
Major pauses within lines
Caesura
Drama that ends happily
Comedy
A of comparison that draws a striking parallel between two dissimilar things
Conceit
The opposition of two or more characters or forces; the three main conflicts are man against man, man against himself, and man against a greater force
Conflict
Two consecutive lines in poetry, often wrong then in iambic pentameter, with end words that rhyme
Couplet
Regional variations within the same language, as spoken in different areas of a country
Dialect
A poem in which the main character addresses an identifiable by silent listener at a time of crisis in the speakers life
Dramatic monologue
A mournfully contemplative poem that mourns death of someone, or the loss of something
Elegy
A poetic device in which lines flow past the end of one verse line and into the next with no punctuation at the end of the first verse line
Enjambment
A long, stylized narrative poem celebrating the deeds of a national or ethnic hero
Epic
A metaphor that is developed beyond a single sentence or comparison
Extended metaphor
An artful deviation from literal speech or normal word order
Figurative language
A story originally in oral tradition
Folktale
A literary device that supplies clues that hint at later plot developments
Foreshadowing
A literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story
Frame story
The use of language to convey meaning other than what is stated or a contradiction in what is expected to happen and what actually happens
Irony
A form of poetic imagery commonly found in Anglo-Saxon. A metaphorical phrase or compound word that is used to indirectly name a person, place or thing
Kenning
A short, melodic, personally expressive poem
Lyrical poetry
The regular recurrence of accented syllables in a line of poetry
Meter
Broadly, the expression of one thing in terms of other. In stricter ways, it is the stated or implied equivalence at two things
Metaphor
The giving of personal characteristics to something that is not person
Personification
The main character of the story
Protagonist
The attempt in fiction to create an illusion of actuality by the use of scemingly random detail or by the inclusion of the ordinary of unpleasant in life
Realism
A reaction agonies the cultural climate and values of neoclassical. It insisted on the greater importance of individualism, imagination, nature, and the distant
Romanticism
Corrective ridicule in literature or a work that is designed to correct an evil by means of ridicule
Satire
A recurring or emerging idea in a work of literature
Theme
The belief that human reason than revolution or authority is the source of all knowledge and the only valid basis for search
Rationalism
An ethical system developed by Jeremy Bentham based on the human desire for pleasure rather than pain and, politically, on the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number
Utilitarianism
A reverence for tradition as a source of authority of values in religion, morality, or art
Traditionalism
The preference for an uncivilized life, either for the simple, rustic life4 an earlier era or for the “natural” existence of present-day tribal communities
Primitivism
A movement originating among the German disciples of Immanuel Kant that sought a higher religious view than Christianity and higher artistic deal the neoclassicism
Transcendentalism
Romantic pessimism as expressed in philosophy, religion, and ethics. Agnostic, relativistic, and antiauthoritarian, it regards with God and the external world as unknowable; denies the existence of all values external to the individual; and holds that the assertion of the will is necessary to selfhood
Existentialism
Belief that there is a multiparty of view points and that no single view point is universally valid
Pluralism
Instruction in literature
Didacticism
The Old English Period
450 to 1100
The Middle English Period
1100 to 1485
The Tudor Period
1485 to 1603
The Stuart Period
1603 to 1688
The Neoclassical Period
1688 to 1789
The Romantic Period
1789 to 1832
The Victorian Period
1832 to 1914
The Modern Period
1914 to Present
Sea-stream and sea-flood are examples of
short answer
A kenning
How does Beowulf arm himself for this crucial battle against Grendel’s mother ?
(short answer)
He uses Grendel as a hostage to pacify his mother
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in
London
Who is the host of the Tabard Inn ?
Harry Bailey
Chaucer characterized his pilgrims how ?
Vividly, with frank descriptions and often satirical
What did the writers of the Middle English period declare to be the primary remedy for the ills of society ?
(short answer)
A return to the ideals of the past
Which decree officially divorced England from the Roman Catholic church ?
Act of Supremacy
Elizabeth’s religious policy is best described as
Moderate
Who produced the first complete Bible in English ?
short answer
Miles Coverdale
The greatest English literature was written for what purpose ?
(short answer)
Th moral improvement of mankind
In what year did restoration take place ?
short answer
1660
Rationalism can be denied as
The rule of reason in all areas of life
What was Defoe’s most lasting contribution to the novel ?
Journalistic realism
What fundamental question does An Essay on Man seek to answer ?
Why does evil exist ?
Which of Pope’s characteristics did Dryden lack ?
Diligence
How did England’s domination of the seas help advance the industrial revolution ?
(short answer)
By crowding out the French, Dutch, and Spanish from valuable markets and raw materials
What three main beliefs of Scripture did deists reject ?
short answer
Deity of Christ
Christ’s death
bodily resurrection and miracles of scripture
What is the purpose of satire ?
To upbraid and to warn
Over what issue did the Wesleys and Whitfield sharply disagree ?
(short answer)
The Calvinistic doctrine of limited atonement
True/False: Swift stated that the purpose of Gulliver’s Travels was to entertain
Fasle
True/False: According to John Wesley’s Journal, he had a grasp of Greek and enjoyed secular as well as sacred reading
True
Utilitarianism evaluates the goodness or badness of an action based on its production of
Happiness
Christians would agree with romantics on all the following points except that
Freedom from limitations is needed
Characteristics of romantic poetry include who of the following ?
The poet as the primary
A highly individual perspective
An name-inspiring atmosphere
(all of the above)
Wordsworth credited which of the following as being the major formative influence on his writing ?
Nature
The primary mood of Lamb’s essays is
Nostalgic daydreaming
The Byronic hero is characterized by all the following except
Remorse and repentance
Section IV of “Ode to the West Wind” reveals Shelley’s agreement with the romantic belief in
The superiority of childhood innocence and communion with nature
In Wordsworth’s definition of the poetic process, what idea reflects the romantic dislike of control ?
(short answer)
The deception of poetry as “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”
What question, which is probably the most famous rhetorical question in English literature, expresses the theme of Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” ?
(short answer)
If Winter comes - Can Spring be far behind ?
True/False: The common element in all areas of romantic thinking - political, philosophical, and artistic - is freedom from limits
True
All of the following statements about the religious climate of nineteenth-century England are correct except
Optimism increased as the century wore on and England began to achieve its promise
Tennyson’s poetry was deepened and enriched by
The death of his best friend
In Tennyson’s In Memoriam, all of the following ideas are mirrored except
A stoic resignation to accept loss of faith and its subsequent despair
Most of Lewis Carroll’s poems in the Alice books are best described as
Parodies
“The Darkling Thrush” reflects all of the following except the
Consoling power of man’s ability to rise above the past
All the following are true statements about A.E. Housman’s “To an Athlete Dying Young” except
Though dead, the boy will know bitterness when his record is broken
According to the doctor, what was the cause of McGoggin’s conversion ?
Overwork
Name at least two missionaries sent out by evangelicals in Victorian England and tell the places in which they serve (short answer)
William Carey in India
Hudson Taylor in China
List the two areas in which Carlyle had his greatest impact on Victorian England
(short answer)
Religious thought and social criticism
What was Hardy’s attitude toward the peasantry ?
“Noble” rustics or contended pagans
“The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin’ was said to be what form of literature ?
Tract
True/False: German Biblical scholars had an even more devastating effect on orthodox Christianity of the Victorian period than did Darwin’s ideas
True
A nationalist poet who wrote in dialectic
“A Red, Red Rose”
Robert Burns
Poet laureate
John Dryden
Complied and edit the dictionary of the English language
Samuel Johnson
After trying to reform Anglicanism, he converted to Catholicism
John Henry Newman
Wrote Satirical Travel Literature
Johnathan Swift
Essay on Criticism
Alexander Pope
I Wondered lonely as a Cloud
William Wordsworth
Stephen’s sister
Gertrude
Stephen’s son who was hanged
Absalom
Champion of the native cause; he was murdered
Arthur
Reverend who sent for Stephen and helps in Johannesburg
Msimangu
Priest from England who found a free lawyer
Vincent
Donates milk, a church, and other goods to help the native cause
James
Stephan rented a room from her in Johannesburg
Lithebe
Main character of the novel; looks for his brother, sister, and son
Stephan
Stephen’s brother, a politician
John
The word for “pastor” or “reverend”
Umfundisi
What does the typical poem relies on ?
Rhythm
What maintains the strongest influence on writers of the modern period ?
Rationalism
What is the intellectual position most characteristics of the modern period ?
Existentialism
Who was the founder of modern psychology who helped foster the existentialist philosophy ?
(short answer)
Freud
According to the modern writer, what is fatal to art ?
short answer
Didacticism
