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sensation and perception > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

Transduction

A

conversion of environmental stimuli to electrical signals

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2
Q

focusing components of eyes

A

light enters eye; passes through cornea and lens (inside the eye)has muscles attached to it that accommodate

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3
Q

the 1st step of the perceptual process

A

any type of stimuli from the environment

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4
Q

amplitude

A

loudness

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5
Q

environmental stimui do they activate the same receptors

A

NO perceived movement

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6
Q

which one of the following is not a factor

A

depth

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7
Q

scene schema

A

in our environment if we dont think it belongs there we will think it will stand out

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8
Q

what is a monochromat?

A

a person who is truly colorblind (black and white only )

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9
Q

what we perceive is always correct

A

FALSE

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10
Q

azimuth

A

left to right of a sound wave

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11
Q

absolute threshold

A

the smallest amount of stimulus energy that can still be detected

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12
Q

sensitivity threshold

A

if your sound threshold is LOW (you can barely detect the sound at very low volumes), your sensitivity is HIGH

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13
Q

Excitatory

A

(depolarization) Increased positivity and thus chance of generating action potentials

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14
Q

Inhibitory

A

(hyperpolarization) Decreased positivity and thus chance of generating action potentials

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15
Q

how light enters the eye

A

enters through pupil, focused on retina by cornea and lens, retinal image is inverted

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16
Q

thalamus

A

area where signals pass through before going up to cortical area

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17
Q

Blindspot

A

located in the periphery, not consciously “looking: for it , brain perceptually “fills” in the area

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18
Q

the space between two neurons is called the

A

synapse or synaptic cleft

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19
Q

Intensity

A

how bright or how dark something is

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20
Q

saturation

A

how much gray or white is in the color, pastel vs rainbow

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21
Q

hue

A

how we think of color

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22
Q

rods and cones

A

cones are everywhere

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23
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

range of energy that radiates in the form of waves (vibrations of electric/magnetic fields)characterized by wavelength

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24
Q

Inhibition also influences neural circuits

A

signals from one neuron to the next can cause either excitatory or inhibitory responses in the next neuron depending on the type of neurotransmitter

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25
what does the cornea do
cornea does most focusing and more curved than lens
26
lateral inhibition
lateral sending of inhibitory signal across the retina. That explains different visual illusions
27
neurons in V1
simple , complex, hypercomplex
28
receptive field
area in visual space (or on the retina) that influences the firing of the cell
29
Parietal lobe (monkey ablation)
Where/how , movement position, Dorsal pathway
30
Temporal Lobe (monkey ablation)
What, form color of texture, ventral pathway
31
Inferotemporal cortex
monkey
32
Fusiforum Face Area
FFA human
33
prosopagnosia
inability to recognize familiar faces resulting from damage to FFA
34
IT/FFA
respond best to faces as well as when context implies a face, complex shapes
35
MT
responds best to motion , not color
36
PPA
(parahippocampal) place area responds best to spatial layeout
37
EBA
(Extrastriate body area)(temporal)responds best to pictures of full bodies and body parts
38
experiment on house/face
greater activity in FFA when face was perceived & greater activity in PPA when house was perceived
39
overt
directing our fovea ( eye movements)
40
Covert
mental aspect, without eye movement
41
saccadic eye movement
saccades (red lines) and fixations ( yellow dots)
42
scene schemas
knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene can influence where you direct your attention ex: direction of stop signs at intersections
43
Balint's Syndrome
parietal lobe damage eg, patient RM- inability to focus on individual objects: illusory conjuctions occur freqeuntly even if stimuli are presented for long durations
44
Blind walking experiment
people do this pretty well so maybe you dont need optic flow
45
swinging room experiment
simulates self movement, the walls and ceiling swing to simulate self movement that you are moving through the environment so your sense of balance is very connected to vision
46
Trichomatic theory
1.color vision depends on three neural mechanisms, each sensitive to different ranges of wavelengths of light 2. the pattern of responses of the 3 mechanisms is coded as color
47
metameters
lights that are physically different but perceptually identical
48
why is color vision not possible with one receptor type eg just rods?
because response /absorption is determined by 1.wavelength, & intensity
49
Monochromat
only requires 1 wavelength in comparison to make a color match. Only rods no cones (grey world 'color blind' )
50
Dichromat
only requires 2 wavelengths in comparison to make a color match , lacking one cone type, can see colors but certain colors are confused
51
Anomalous trichromat
requires 3 wavelengths , but sets them at proportions that are different than normals , has all 3 cones, percept?
52
parietal reach region
important for reaching and grasping
53
Mirror neurons
provide information to help understand others actions
54
Audiovisual mirror neurons
respond to characteristics of observed action
55
mirror neurons is influenced by
experience
56
Focus of Expansion (FOE)
direction of heading , self produced (self movement), invariant (available regardless of location )
57
Organ of corti
outer hair cells extend and retract to amplify up-down motion 2. Inner hair cells ( d not touch tectorial membrane) bend from fluid vibrations
58
Indirect sounds vs direct sounds
Indirect sounds(in a classroom or concert)) often reach your ears later than direct sounds( if you were outside), and at all different times but we usually perceive coherent (rather than multiple) sound sources
59
mechanoreceptors
reside in the skin, respond to mechanical stimulation of the skin( ex: pressure, stretching, vibration) differ by structure, location, and response to stimuli
60
Nociceptive pain
(nociceptors = pain receptors) warns the body of impending damage to skin/tissue
61
Inflammatory pain
(chemicals activate nociceptors) damage to tissue , inflammation of joints/tumors
62
Neuropathic pain
Lesions or other internal damage to the nervous system ( ex: neurons and nerve fibers) usually accompanied by neurological problems ex: paralysis)
63
Gate control theory of pain
sensory and cognitive contributions, nociceptor pathway, mechanoreceptor, central control, transmission cell ( is not just what physically happens
64
In the womb can the fetus see?
NO
65
gymnast or a diver when they do a backflip
when they close their eyes they can't do a backflip
66
Inverse projection
problem that is show different things in your environment (same image into the retina)
67
environmental stimuli do they activate the same receptors?
NO
68
Akinetopsia
motion blindness, cannot perceive motion in their visual field despite being able to see stationary objects
69
If someone has deuteranopia they are missing ?
the medium wavelengths code
70
Auditory system
deliver sound,stimulus to receptors, transduce stimulus from pressure to electrical signals, process the signals ( pitch & location)
71
binocular rivalry
is a phenomenon of visual perception in which perception alternates between different images presented to each eye
72
point light walker
are coordinating moving dots that simulate biological motion in which each dot represents specific joints of a human performing an action

sensation and perception (1 decks)

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